Offensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: A-46. Order Description . This then would restrict the unit's ability to mass the effects of combat power. A-80. (b) A COA COA stmts and sketches. It succinctly describes the enemy's aim, means, and approach to achieving its end state. Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. The reason the staff used the selected control measures. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. A-118. The problem statement generated during problem framing communicates the commander's understanding of the problem or problem set upon which the organization will act. Prepare a COA statement and sketch (Decisive point, form of maneuver, and statement of each task to be accomplished) Write your mission statement using the 5Ws. He allocates resources required for the decisive operation's success first and determines the resources needed for shaping operations in descending order of importance. A-40. However, the weather forecaster at our station did not agree with that assessment. The essential task is the mission taskit accomplishes the assigned purpose. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the. Start with Situation Template 2. The refined product is a platoon situation template, a graphic showing how he believes the enemy will fight under specific operational conditions. The platoon leader begins mission analysis when receiving the mission. This includes studying the maximum effective range for each weapon system, the doctrinal rates of march, and timelines associated with the performance of certain tasks. This event made me realize the importance of instrument meteorological conditions training and proper crew coordination. They take five steps to fully analyze their assigned mission as directed from higher . (Refer to Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. Some temperature considerations include: A-65. Next, the leader analyzes relative combat power, generates options, arrays his forces, develops a CONOP, assigns responsibility, and prepares a COA statement and sketch. A-50. Table A-1 shows recommended situation template items. This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation. These significant deductions drive the planning process and execution of operations. Considerations may include: A-99. Leaders understand their immediate headquarters concept of the operation. Identifies how the enemy may potentially fight; the leader weighs the result of his analysis of terrain and weather against the higher headquarters situation template. He determines how the weather will affect the visibility, mobility, and survivability of his unit and that of the enemy. This may include or be limited to adjusting the COA to better address risk. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. Some cloud cover questions follow: Temperature and Humidity Observation and Fields of Fire The leader must not only appreciate how much time is available, but he also must be able to appreciate the time/space aspects of preparing, moving, fighting, and sustaining. The five military aspects of weather are visibility; winds; precipitation; cloud cover; and temperature and humidity. We had legal weather; however, the weather report showed a dust storm in our flight path. The COA statement details how the unit's operation supports the next higher leader's operation, the decisive point and why it is decisive, the form of maneuver or type of defensive mission, and operational framework. The military advantage gained by executing the COA must justify the cost in resources, especially casualties. A mission is task and purpose clearly indicating the action to be taken and reason for the action. A-34. A-23. This tentative decisive point forms the basis of his planning and COA development; it also forms the basis of communicating the COA to his subordinates. Battle, support by fire, and assault by fire positions. The CCIRs identify and filter information needed by leaders to support their vision and to make critical decisions, especially to determine or validate COA. These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. A-76. Match. Can I observe and fire on his location with at least two-thirds of my combat power? The answers to the following questions become inputs into developing a COA. Generate Options Or, they might have to move much more slowly than they would like. This is known as "arraying forces" or "assigning troops to task." This was certainly not an isolated incident in country. A COA should be suitable, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete: Note. Leaders must understand impact of their actionsas well as their subordinates actionson the civilian population, and effects they will have on current and future operations. The terrain, however, may favor defending or attacking. What is the composition and strength of the enemy force? A-88. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. During execution, their continuous analyses enable them to issue well-developed Scenario Blueprint Examples. A-102. Constraints either prohibit or require an action. This process highlights critical tasks, stimulates ideas, and provides insights rarely gained through mission analysis and COA development alone. Whenever possible and depending on the existing chain of command, they avoid fracturing unit integrity. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each avenue? This is why the leader must develop a tactically sound and flexible plan. Avenues of Approach It also should give subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. Leaders should know the disposition, composition, strength, and capabilities of their forces one and two levels down. When possible, the observer conducts a ground reconnaissance from both enemy and friendly perspectives. CCIRs also helps focus the efforts of subordinates and aids in the allocation of resources. A-85. Identify friendly strengths to exploit the enemy weakness. I headed to the hangar to check on my assigned aircraft for the day and then to the tactical command post (TOC) to check the mission profile. Another critical step was checking the weather for the evening. Is the enemy controlling this key terrain? War gaming, depending on how much time is devoted to planning, provides. In the operational environment, this might be the most important analysis the leader conducts and is likely to yield the most useful information to the leader. Essential Task. PREPARE COURSE-OF-ACTION STATEMENT AND SKETCH STEP 1 Development begins with the staff analyzing relative-force ratios. An area of interest is a geographical area, usually larger than the leader's area of operation. The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. How will obstacles and terrain affect the movement or maneuver of the unit? From developing a strategy to analyzing, refining, and rehearsing the plan, a leader should be knowledgeable in the following areas detailed under this subheading to construct a solid COA. A-86. The first three steps of COA development provide the bulk of the COA statement. The concept of the operation is a framework to assist leaders, not a script. All work must be your own. 4. At company level and below, leaders develop a graphic terrain analysis overlay. What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? We discussed the weather conditions and decided to keep an eye on it. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. _____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT These attributes may pertain to the accomplishment of the unit purpose, the use of terrain, the destruction of the enemy or other aspect of the operation he believes is important. The purpose of this step is to compare the combat power of friendly and enemy forces. Select or Modify COA for Continued Analysis NOTE: A good COA positions the force for sequels and provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. If necessary, how can I avoid such features? Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. Our visibility was rapidly deteriorating and, to make matters worse, we had only a single light source in the distance to determine our visibility. They identify the tasks and purposes, and how their immediate higher up are contributing to the fight. A-109. A-107. The leader should clearly explain what the decisive point is to his subordinate leaders and why it is decisive; this objective, in conjunction with his commander's intent, facilitates subordinate initiative. A-28. 2. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. Finally, he must update previous timelines for his subordinates, listing all events affecting the platoon and its subordinate elements. He then must task organize his forces specific to the respective essential tactical tasks and purposes assigned to his subordinate elements. For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. Strength The analysis is a comparison of how a structures location, functions, and capabilities as compared to costs and consequences of such use. Leaders analyze the enemy's dispositions, compositions, strengths, doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable COA. The faculty feedback from the exam will better prepare you for the COA S&S. Gaining local support can best be accomplished by the leader who demonstrates dignity and respect to the civilian population he is charged to protect and train. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. It, along with the platoons purpose, is usually assigned by the higher headquarters' OPORD in concept of operation or Tasks to Maneuver Units. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. Wind always is described as "fromto" as in "winds are from the east moving to the west." At greater altitudes, it can increase or reduce fuel consumption. Defensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: Key Terrain The leader must realistically and unemotionally determine all available resources and new limitations based on level of training or recent fighting. Immediate higher headquarters (one level up) mission, intent, and concept. This process is designed to facilitate the decision-making process. Leaders to have starting points for terrain analysis must first define their operational environment. They influence and interact with the populace, force, and each other. This can require reduced aircraft payloads. Leaders must understand each groups perceptions about the United States, the Army, and specific units operating within that area. Other crewmembers noticed the same thing. The sustaining operations purposes are nested to the decisive and shaping operation's purposes by providing sustainment, operational area security, movement control, terrain management, and infrastructure. Categories of terrain, restricted terrain hindering movement somewhat. Is it important to me? The leader then determines the tactical mission tasks for the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. What lateral routes could we use to shift to other axes, and which could the enemy use to threaten our flanks? The population within a prescribed area of operation comprises several different groups, both ethnically and politically. During all phases, leaders consider critical times, unusable time, the time it takes to accomplish activities, the time it takes to move, priorities of work, and tempo of operations. On another mission, we were told we had legal weather, the forecaster reporting three miles visibility. Assessments regarding on-order and be-prepared missions. Differences between the situation templates must be resolved before the leader can continue analyzing the enemy. What are the capabilities of his weapons? Questions Some situations have no decisive terrain. Coa Statement And Sketch Example digitalpictures If the method isn't listed, select other. How do I detect and, if desired, bypass the obstacles? Feasible. A-71. In the defense, weapon positions must be both lethal to the enemy and survivable to the Soldier. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). Defensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire. As the passengers boarded, I noticed a slight haze in the distance. A-70. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. How can I use these features to force the enemy into its engagement area, deny him an avenue, or disrupt his movement? Other critical conditions to consider include visibility and weather data, and events such as higher headquarters tasks and required rehearsals. It is a continuous cycle of action, reaction, and counteraction. The leader also determines the capabilities of the next higher enemy element. A-67. Leaders analysis must determine the types of vehicles, Soldiers, and equipment the enemy could use against his unit. A-122. Cloud Cover Seize, destroy, and neutralize are examples of tasks associated with an offensive operation. COA analysis (war gaming) brings together friendly and enemy forces on the actual terrain to visualize how the operation will unfold. If the information is available, he determines the echelon force where the enemy originated. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? Near the ground, high winds increase turbulence and may inhibit maneuver. Prior to every flight, all units must use the risk management process to ensure the weather is more than just legal. For example, if a battalion situation template identifies a platoon-size enemy element on the company's objective and squad-size enemy elements on the platoons objective, the leader, using his knowledge of both the enemy's doctrine and terrain, develops a situation template positioning squad-size battle positions, crew-served weapons positions, or defensive trenches. Priority intelligence requirements are information a leader needs to know about terrain or enemy to make a critical decision. He includes in this situation template the likely sectors of fire of the enemy weapons and tactical and protective obstacles, either identified or merely templated, which support defensive tasks. Which terrain provides bounding elements with cover and concealment while increasing lethality?
Palm Sunday Call To Worship,
Medicare Part B Overview Training Cvs Quizlet,
Trumbull High School Athletic Director,
Transfer Ownership Of Mobile Home In California,
Articles C
