kissing contusion knee radiology

kissing contusion knee radiology

Other 2 cases (50%) are hyperextension with valgus component and kissing contusion at medial aspect of proximal tibia and distal femur caused due to kicking while playing football. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Adult patients with ACL tears have greater tibial internal rotation in MRI compared to adolescent patients. Pivot shift injury pattern according to Location of marrow oedema. 2021 Nov 11;6(4):e21.00069. Thank Professor Zhuozhao Zheng and my girlfriend Danyu Chen for their advice and help on this study. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 1996 Sep;(330):133-42 MRI of the Pediatric Knee Pediatric Imaging Review. 1 0 obj PDFS Saggital: Bone marrow oedema at Medial femoral and Medial tibial condyle in Hyperextension injury. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. The .gov means its official. Kirialanis P, Malliou P, Beneka A, Giannakopoulos K. Occurrence of acute lower limb injuries in artistic gymnasts in relation to event and exercise phase. Br J Sports Med 42(6):394412, Saxena A, Ray B, Rajagopal K, DSouza A, Pyrtuh S (2012) Morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament and measurement of secondary signs of anterior cruciate ligament tear. Results are comparable to the study conducted by Kaplan et al., in which bone marrow contusion at posterior lip of medial tibial condyle was seen in 25 out of 215 cases (11.6%) and contusion in lateral compartment was noted in 24 out of 25 cases (96%) and contusion at medial femoral condyle was seen in 5 in 25 cases (20%) [7]. Minor focus of edema in the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. According to study conducted by Terzidis et al., Kissing contusion in acute knee injury is noted in 16 cases out of 225 (7.1%). Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF, Lawhorn KW. Objective: To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint. 2019. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Knee kinematics during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury as determined from bone bruise location. Following knee hyperextension, bone bruising patterns may be associated with cruciate ligament injury. Grade 1 refers to the uniform-ly low normal meniscal signal, grade 2 de-scribes increased signal within the meniscus . The diagnostic outcome of LFNS was not in agreement with that of KC, as there was a poor coincidence according to the Kappa coefficient (Kappa=0.155<0.4, P=0.035). 2 Resident, Department of Radiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Karad, Maharashtra, India. Kaplan PA, Gehl RH, Dussault RG, Anderson MW, Diduch DR. Acta Radiol. Bisson LJ, Kluczynski MA, Hagstrom LS, Marzo JM. Over the lifetime, 3 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 31 citation(s). Location of bone marrow contusion in hyperextension injury (4 cases) was - medial tibial and medial femoral condyle (2 cases) and anterior aspect of proximal tibia and femur (2cases). Imaging the knee: Ligaments. Magnetic resonance imaging of bone bruising in the acutely injured kneeshort-term outcome. Our study only involves the image information of patients. Call Us Today! HWnWhl2 p$%SgdR`Qvs4a^q~z]&O_F?`7%|8W.Zyxc\4x{gJSp>)nO|-6bhLCntyFTVe7WwtR?fs;fLh;>|*E{mIvqGUlT! [101 0 R] Xie D, Murray J, Lartey R, Gaj S, Kim J, Li M, Eck BL, Winalski CS, Altahawi F, Jones MH, Obuchowski NA, Huston LJ, Harkins KD, Friel HT, Damon BM, Knopp MV, Kaeding CC, Spindler KP, Li X. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011 Aug 17;93(16):1510-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01320. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. The knee may also be swollen and bruised. 1 Professor and HOD, Department of Radiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Karad, Maharashtra, India. PMC Follow up scan could not be done to establish the presumable diagnosis of bone marrow contusion. There were high rates of injury to the posterior capsule (52%), ACL (40%) and PCL (40%) but lower rates of injury to the menisci (20%), medial and lateral collateral ligaments (16%) and posterolateral corner (16%). Prevalence and location of bone bruises associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and implications for mechanism of injury: a systematic review. Knee 27(2):414419, Yoon JP, Chang CB, Yoo JH et al (2010) Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with the chronicity of an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The posteromedial corner of the knee is a capsuloligamentous complex in the posterior aspect of the medial compartment. The notch depth of lateral femoral condyle in the experimental group (0.990.56mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (0.490.28mm) (P<0.05). PLT: Posterloateral tibial plateau, LF: Lateral femoral condyle, MT: Medial tibial condyle, MF: Medial femoral condyle. Patterns of bone bruise in knee injury. Plain radiograph of knee was done in all patients and they were scanned using 1.5 Tesla Seimens Avanto (Tim + Dot) with Tx/Rx 15 channel knee coil # Tim. DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc19s135 PMID: 11046168. application/pdf Most common location of marrow oedema in pivot shift pattern was posterolateral tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle and medial femoral condyle in 31 cases (39.7 %) [Table/Fig-9]. 2010 Dec;38(12):2502-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546510376232. 2000;24:37180. Waldn M, Krosshaug T, Bjrneboe J, Andersen TE, Faul O, Hgglund M. Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. -, Radiology. Bone Marrow Signal Alteration in the Extremities. 1993;189:9014. Am J Sports Med. -, Arthroscopy. Kung JW, Yablon CM, Eisenberg RL. Kaplan PA, Gehl RH, Dussault RG, Anderson MW, Diduch DR. Gong, H., Wang, H., Zhang, X. et al. On applying fisher-exact test, p = 0.1655 i.e. MeSH Bone bruise represents as acute, occult microfractures of subchondral trabecular bone with subsequent haemorrhage, oedema and hyperemia. Epub 2013 Jun 6. Increase in interstitial water content and hyperperfusion contributes to bone marrow oedema formation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140(11):17511757, Article To identify imaging pattern in bone marrow oedema and to correlate the pattern of bone marrow oedema retrospectively with type of knee injury from clinical history. Radiology. By analysing bone marrow contusion pattern, type/mode can be determined in most of the cases. Am J Sports Med. "Kissing contusion" refers to a bone contusion on both side of the knee joint. 2015;43(10):251521. endobj The depth of LFNS and the presence of KC were determined on MRI findings. This article about a disease of musculoskeletal and connective tissue is a stub. Posteromedial Tibial Bone Bruise After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An MRI Study of Bone Bruise Patterns in 208 Patients. Google Scholar, Kanakamedala AC, Burnham JM, Pfeiffer TR et al (2018) Lateral femoral notch depth is not associated with increased rotatory instability in ACL-injured knees: a quantitative pivot shift analysis. Emerg Radiol 2:129134, Article 3. Calvo-Gurry M, Hurley ET, Withers D, Vioreanu M, Moran R. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Bone bruise, Compressisve force, Early degeneration, Microfracture, Torsional force. On MR images, trabecular contusion has the appearance of bone marrow oedema. Other structures are injured less frequently and have weaker associations with bone bruise distribution. Skeletal Radiology Kapelov SR, Teresi LM, Bradley WG, Bucciarelli NR, Murakami DM, Mullin WJ, et al. Jeli D, Masulovi D. Bone bruise of the knee associated with the lesions of anterior cruciate ligament and menisci on magnetic resonance imaging. Over 2600 credentialed providers acrosstheUS. Sports Med. The clip injury results in a prominent area of edema involving the lateral femoral condyle and a smaller area of edema involving the medial femoral condyle. No fractures were present on x ray. of knee injury in pediatric patients. Case Discussion. J Biomech Eng. Graf BK, Cook DA, De Smet AA, Keene JS. 1995;19:7736. A prospective study of the association between bone contusion and intra-articular injuries associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament tear. Bone marrow contusions are frequently identified at magnetic resonance imaging after an injury to the musculoskeletal system, and the mechanism of injury can be determined by studying the distribution of bone marrow edema, which enables one to predict with accuracy the specific soft-tissue abnormalities that are likely to be present. 2016;10(4):TC0611. 10 0 obj Type I lesions are most common on the lateral femoral condyle and type III on the lateral tibial condyle. Surgical Strategy for Anterior Tibial Plateau Fractures in Hyperextension Knee Injuries. Contusions of both surfaces of the joint are known as kissing contusions.Objective: To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint.Methods: 255 MRI examinations in athletes with acutely injured knees (197 men; 58 women; Related Papers Keywords: endobj Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! judge timothy kenny political affiliation. government site. Bone contusions were diagnosed in 71 cases (27.8%); 55 (22.5%) were identified as single contusions and 16 (6.3%) as kissing contusions. MRI of affected knee joint was done as per imaging protocol and images stored in compact disc. XZ contributed to part of the statistics of the article. Inclusion criteria were patients with recent knee injuries (<6weeks) and normal plain radiograph with no signs of pathology. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Type/Mode of injury in these cases are: impact during car accident in 4 cases, fall on flexed knee while playing cricket in 1 case, while getting downstairs in 1 case and fall from bike in flexed knee in 2 cases. According to study conducted by Terzidis et al., Kissing contusion in acute knee injury is noted in 16 cases out of 225 (7.1%). In total 200 cases, bone marrow contusion was noted in 138 cases (69%) and absent contusion in 62 cases (31%). The pattern of bone bruise in knee injuries (a.k.a. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:217, Article In suspected ACL injury, bone marrow contusion may not be necessarily present. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. It is a common injury that can occur from a fall, blow, or collision. Bone bruise of the knee: histology and cryosections in 5 cases. Lateral-compartment bone contusions in adolescents with intact anterior cruciate ligaments. A knee contusion can range from mild to severe. Out of 200 patients, 32 were women (16%) and 168 men (84%). At the time the article was created Henry Knipe had no recorded disclosures. Associated Soft tissue injuries include ACL and medial meniscus [8]. Park HJ, Lee SY, Chung EC, Rho MH, Ahn JH, Kim M, et al. 35 0 obj Bone marrow bruise is ill defined subchondral reticular or stellate region of low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2W images [6]. The usefulness of the oblique coronal plane in knee MRI on the evaluation of the posterior cruciate ligament. Br J Sports Med 38(5):592596, Article Google Scholar. Dashboard injury occurs when force is applied to the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia while the knee is in a flexed position. The 32 bone contusions (16 kissing contusions) were located as follows: lateral femoral condyle (n = 14; 8 type I, 6 type II); lateral tibial condyle (n = 9; 3 type I, 1 type II, 5 type III); medial tibial condyle (n = 7; 2 type I, 5 type III); medial femoral condyle (n = 2; both type I). Google Scholar, Wierer G, Simetinger T, Hudelmaier M, Moroder P, Hoffelner T (2020) Fate of the lateral femoral notch following early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 2013 Aug;41(8):1801-7. doi: 10.1177/0363546513490649. Bone contusions of the knee: increased lesion detection with fast spin-echo MR imaging with spectroscopic fat saturation. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 02 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-43268, Case 3: pivot-shift injury with ACL and meniscal tears, Case 4: pivot-shift injury with impacted tibial plateau fracture, see full revision history and disclosures, doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc19s135, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, Pattern of bone contusion in knee injuries, valgus stress to flexed and externally rotated knee, contusion pattern:posterolateral tibial plateau and mid part of lateral femoral condyle, anterior force to tibia in a flexed knee (e.g.

Robert Colbert Obituary, Articles K

kissing contusion knee radiology

kissing contusion knee radiology

kissing contusion knee radiology

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Other 2 cases (50%) are hyperextension with valgus component and kissing contusion at medial aspect of proximal tibia and distal femur caused due to kicking while playing football. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Adult patients with ACL tears have greater tibial internal rotation in MRI compared to adolescent patients. Pivot shift injury pattern according to Location of marrow oedema. 2021 Nov 11;6(4):e21.00069. Thank Professor Zhuozhao Zheng and my girlfriend Danyu Chen for their advice and help on this study. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 1996 Sep;(330):133-42 MRI of the Pediatric Knee Pediatric Imaging Review. 1 0 obj PDFS Saggital: Bone marrow oedema at Medial femoral and Medial tibial condyle in Hyperextension injury. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. The .gov means its official. Kirialanis P, Malliou P, Beneka A, Giannakopoulos K. Occurrence of acute lower limb injuries in artistic gymnasts in relation to event and exercise phase. Br J Sports Med 42(6):394412, Saxena A, Ray B, Rajagopal K, DSouza A, Pyrtuh S (2012) Morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament and measurement of secondary signs of anterior cruciate ligament tear. Results are comparable to the study conducted by Kaplan et al., in which bone marrow contusion at posterior lip of medial tibial condyle was seen in 25 out of 215 cases (11.6%) and contusion in lateral compartment was noted in 24 out of 25 cases (96%) and contusion at medial femoral condyle was seen in 5 in 25 cases (20%) [7]. Minor focus of edema in the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. According to study conducted by Terzidis et al., Kissing contusion in acute knee injury is noted in 16 cases out of 225 (7.1%). Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF, Lawhorn KW. Objective: To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint. 2019. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Knee kinematics during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury as determined from bone bruise location. Following knee hyperextension, bone bruising patterns may be associated with cruciate ligament injury. Grade 1 refers to the uniform-ly low normal meniscal signal, grade 2 de-scribes increased signal within the meniscus . The diagnostic outcome of LFNS was not in agreement with that of KC, as there was a poor coincidence according to the Kappa coefficient (Kappa=0.155<0.4, P=0.035). 2 Resident, Department of Radiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Karad, Maharashtra, India. Kaplan PA, Gehl RH, Dussault RG, Anderson MW, Diduch DR. Acta Radiol. Bisson LJ, Kluczynski MA, Hagstrom LS, Marzo JM. Over the lifetime, 3 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 31 citation(s). Location of bone marrow contusion in hyperextension injury (4 cases) was - medial tibial and medial femoral condyle (2 cases) and anterior aspect of proximal tibia and femur (2cases). Imaging the knee: Ligaments. Magnetic resonance imaging of bone bruising in the acutely injured kneeshort-term outcome. Our study only involves the image information of patients. Call Us Today! HWnWhl2 p$%SgdR`Qvs4a^q~z]&O_F?`7%|8W.Zyxc\4x{gJSp>)nO|-6bhLCntyFTVe7WwtR?fs;fLh;>|*E{mIvqGUlT! [101 0 R] Xie D, Murray J, Lartey R, Gaj S, Kim J, Li M, Eck BL, Winalski CS, Altahawi F, Jones MH, Obuchowski NA, Huston LJ, Harkins KD, Friel HT, Damon BM, Knopp MV, Kaeding CC, Spindler KP, Li X. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011 Aug 17;93(16):1510-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01320. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. The knee may also be swollen and bruised. 1 Professor and HOD, Department of Radiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Karad, Maharashtra, India. PMC Follow up scan could not be done to establish the presumable diagnosis of bone marrow contusion. There were high rates of injury to the posterior capsule (52%), ACL (40%) and PCL (40%) but lower rates of injury to the menisci (20%), medial and lateral collateral ligaments (16%) and posterolateral corner (16%). Prevalence and location of bone bruises associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and implications for mechanism of injury: a systematic review. Knee 27(2):414419, Yoon JP, Chang CB, Yoo JH et al (2010) Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with the chronicity of an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The posteromedial corner of the knee is a capsuloligamentous complex in the posterior aspect of the medial compartment. The notch depth of lateral femoral condyle in the experimental group (0.990.56mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (0.490.28mm) (P<0.05). PLT: Posterloateral tibial plateau, LF: Lateral femoral condyle, MT: Medial tibial condyle, MF: Medial femoral condyle. Patterns of bone bruise in knee injury. Plain radiograph of knee was done in all patients and they were scanned using 1.5 Tesla Seimens Avanto (Tim + Dot) with Tx/Rx 15 channel knee coil # Tim. DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc19s135 PMID: 11046168. application/pdf Most common location of marrow oedema in pivot shift pattern was posterolateral tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle and medial femoral condyle in 31 cases (39.7 %) [Table/Fig-9]. 2010 Dec;38(12):2502-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546510376232. 2000;24:37180. Waldn M, Krosshaug T, Bjrneboe J, Andersen TE, Faul O, Hgglund M. Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. -, Radiology. Bone Marrow Signal Alteration in the Extremities. 1993;189:9014. Am J Sports Med. -, Arthroscopy. Kung JW, Yablon CM, Eisenberg RL. Kaplan PA, Gehl RH, Dussault RG, Anderson MW, Diduch DR. Gong, H., Wang, H., Zhang, X. et al. On applying fisher-exact test, p = 0.1655 i.e. MeSH Bone bruise represents as acute, occult microfractures of subchondral trabecular bone with subsequent haemorrhage, oedema and hyperemia. Epub 2013 Jun 6. Increase in interstitial water content and hyperperfusion contributes to bone marrow oedema formation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140(11):17511757, Article To identify imaging pattern in bone marrow oedema and to correlate the pattern of bone marrow oedema retrospectively with type of knee injury from clinical history. Radiology. By analysing bone marrow contusion pattern, type/mode can be determined in most of the cases. Am J Sports Med. "Kissing contusion" refers to a bone contusion on both side of the knee joint. 2015;43(10):251521. endobj The depth of LFNS and the presence of KC were determined on MRI findings. This article about a disease of musculoskeletal and connective tissue is a stub. Posteromedial Tibial Bone Bruise After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An MRI Study of Bone Bruise Patterns in 208 Patients. Google Scholar, Kanakamedala AC, Burnham JM, Pfeiffer TR et al (2018) Lateral femoral notch depth is not associated with increased rotatory instability in ACL-injured knees: a quantitative pivot shift analysis. Emerg Radiol 2:129134, Article 3. Calvo-Gurry M, Hurley ET, Withers D, Vioreanu M, Moran R. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Bone bruise, Compressisve force, Early degeneration, Microfracture, Torsional force. On MR images, trabecular contusion has the appearance of bone marrow oedema. Other structures are injured less frequently and have weaker associations with bone bruise distribution. Skeletal Radiology Kapelov SR, Teresi LM, Bradley WG, Bucciarelli NR, Murakami DM, Mullin WJ, et al. Jeli D, Masulovi D. Bone bruise of the knee associated with the lesions of anterior cruciate ligament and menisci on magnetic resonance imaging. Over 2600 credentialed providers acrosstheUS. Sports Med. The clip injury results in a prominent area of edema involving the lateral femoral condyle and a smaller area of edema involving the medial femoral condyle. No fractures were present on x ray. of knee injury in pediatric patients. Case Discussion. J Biomech Eng. Graf BK, Cook DA, De Smet AA, Keene JS. 1995;19:7736. A prospective study of the association between bone contusion and intra-articular injuries associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament tear. Bone marrow contusions are frequently identified at magnetic resonance imaging after an injury to the musculoskeletal system, and the mechanism of injury can be determined by studying the distribution of bone marrow edema, which enables one to predict with accuracy the specific soft-tissue abnormalities that are likely to be present. 2016;10(4):TC0611. 10 0 obj Type I lesions are most common on the lateral femoral condyle and type III on the lateral tibial condyle. Surgical Strategy for Anterior Tibial Plateau Fractures in Hyperextension Knee Injuries. Contusions of both surfaces of the joint are known as kissing contusions.Objective: To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint.Methods: 255 MRI examinations in athletes with acutely injured knees (197 men; 58 women; Related Papers Keywords: endobj Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! judge timothy kenny political affiliation. government site. Bone contusions were diagnosed in 71 cases (27.8%); 55 (22.5%) were identified as single contusions and 16 (6.3%) as kissing contusions. MRI of affected knee joint was done as per imaging protocol and images stored in compact disc. XZ contributed to part of the statistics of the article. Inclusion criteria were patients with recent knee injuries (<6weeks) and normal plain radiograph with no signs of pathology. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Type/Mode of injury in these cases are: impact during car accident in 4 cases, fall on flexed knee while playing cricket in 1 case, while getting downstairs in 1 case and fall from bike in flexed knee in 2 cases. According to study conducted by Terzidis et al., Kissing contusion in acute knee injury is noted in 16 cases out of 225 (7.1%). In total 200 cases, bone marrow contusion was noted in 138 cases (69%) and absent contusion in 62 cases (31%). The pattern of bone bruise in knee injuries (a.k.a. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:217, Article In suspected ACL injury, bone marrow contusion may not be necessarily present. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. It is a common injury that can occur from a fall, blow, or collision. Bone bruise of the knee: histology and cryosections in 5 cases. Lateral-compartment bone contusions in adolescents with intact anterior cruciate ligaments. A knee contusion can range from mild to severe. Out of 200 patients, 32 were women (16%) and 168 men (84%). At the time the article was created Henry Knipe had no recorded disclosures. Associated Soft tissue injuries include ACL and medial meniscus [8]. Park HJ, Lee SY, Chung EC, Rho MH, Ahn JH, Kim M, et al. 35 0 obj Bone marrow bruise is ill defined subchondral reticular or stellate region of low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2W images [6]. The usefulness of the oblique coronal plane in knee MRI on the evaluation of the posterior cruciate ligament. Br J Sports Med 38(5):592596, Article Google Scholar. Dashboard injury occurs when force is applied to the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia while the knee is in a flexed position. The 32 bone contusions (16 kissing contusions) were located as follows: lateral femoral condyle (n = 14; 8 type I, 6 type II); lateral tibial condyle (n = 9; 3 type I, 1 type II, 5 type III); medial tibial condyle (n = 7; 2 type I, 5 type III); medial femoral condyle (n = 2; both type I). Google Scholar, Wierer G, Simetinger T, Hudelmaier M, Moroder P, Hoffelner T (2020) Fate of the lateral femoral notch following early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 2013 Aug;41(8):1801-7. doi: 10.1177/0363546513490649. Bone contusions of the knee: increased lesion detection with fast spin-echo MR imaging with spectroscopic fat saturation. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 02 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-43268, Case 3: pivot-shift injury with ACL and meniscal tears, Case 4: pivot-shift injury with impacted tibial plateau fracture, see full revision history and disclosures, doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc19s135, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, Pattern of bone contusion in knee injuries, valgus stress to flexed and externally rotated knee, contusion pattern:posterolateral tibial plateau and mid part of lateral femoral condyle, anterior force to tibia in a flexed knee (e.g. Robert Colbert Obituary, Articles K

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