They include the Mausoleum and Khanqah of Amir Qawsun (founded in 1335) and the so-called "Sultaniyya" mausoleum (believed to be dedicated to Sultan Hassan's mother, in the mid-14th century).[1][7]. The development of the necropolis thus moved northeast, mirroring these new centers of power. This included efforts to restrict the use of the cemeteries to burials and funerals only, and discouraging living inhabitants from settling within them. Related: The Mummy Franchise Did Hollywood's Latest Action Movie Trend 20 Years Early. Slaves were made to do the hardest work when in the city, digging graves, wherein they were promptly killed off by soldiers who were in turn murdered by the priests so that none might ever reveal the exact location. Tanis is a real city in Egypt, in the Nile delta, serving as the ancient . Karima, Dear IonnKorr, Avoid all travel to the area within 50 kilometres of the border with Libya, the Siwa Oasis, the Western Desert, including the oases of Bahariya, Bawati, Dakhla and Farafra, and the White and Black deserts, due to smuggling, terrorist activities, the presence of armed groups and ongoing military operations. [1] A number of other Fatimid-era mausoleums survive today in the area between the Mosques of Ibn Tulun and of Sayyida Nafisa, such as the Mausoleum of Sayyida Ruqayya. [8][9] Caliph al-Amir (reigned 11001130) also reportedly resided in the palace. [7][1][11] The population of the cemetery in the mid-15th century is estimated to have been around four thousand people. Though movies arent known for being historically accurate, the action-adventure franchise introduces the audience to gods and artifacts ripped from the history books. [13] The intensified urbanization of Cairo itself, and the exclusion of the poorest from government initiatives, resulted in a more urgent need for informal or improvised housing. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. [1] Nonetheless, in the early 16th century, Leo Africanus describes the old Qarafa (the Southern Cemetery), as being inhabited by around two thousand households. Oh yes the land of ancient Egypt is filled with treasures, still to this day, why do you think some people have patent on it [7][1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}300248N 311635E / 30.04667N 31.27639E / 30.04667; 31.27639, Mamluk funerary architecture in the Southern Cemetery, circa 1867, Mamluk funerary architecture in the Northern Cemetery, circa 1860, Bab al-Wazir Cemetery, photographed late 19th century, Ottoman rule and Khedival period (16th19th centuries), Recent history (20th century to present day), Sayyida Nafisa Mosque and al-Khalifa neighbourhood, Sayyida Aisha Mosque and al-Qadiriya neighborhood, Population and socioeconomic status (present day), Tozzi Di Marco A. Il Giardino di Allah. As a result, the cemeteries began to be repopulated in the 19th century, despite the authorities' changing attitudes to urban planning. When kings were being judged by Osiris, Anubis placed their hearts on one side of a scale and a feather (representing Maat) on the other. I am ashamed of the world leaders, and have been it for so long now. Hamunaptra (also known as City of the Dead) is a fictional Egyptian city that first made its appearance in the 1999 film The Mummy. Scarabs are not flesh eaters, they are in fact dung beetles. [16] Nonetheless, as mentioned above these districts also cover dense urban areas outside the necropolis, meaning that the number of people living inside the cemeteries themselves is likely much lower. See here for more. Its origins date back to the foundation of Fustat, the first Muslim city and capital of Egypt, established in 642 CE. Hamunaptra The moniker, "The City of the Dead," has been used for Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Siwa Oasis is situated around 850 kilometers to the North East of Cairo, more than 1500 kilometers to the North West of Aswan, 1146 kilometers to the North West of Hurghada, around 500 kilometers to the North West of the Fayoum Oasis, and around 250 kilometers to the South West of Marsa Matrouh, the nearest city to . Characters appearing in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The oasis is 6 miles (10 km) long by 45 miles (68 km) wide and has about 200 springs. [1][3] Official attitudes have varied from modest measures to improve living conditions to bold proposals to forcibly move the inhabitants, but no overarching plan has been put into effect so far. He protected the dead on the way to the Afterlife. A very well known motif is the weighing of the heart, which is overseen by Anubis. Scorpion II (Ancient Egyptian: possibly Selk or Weha), also known as King Scorpion, was a ruler during the Protodynastic Period of Upper Egypt (c. 32003000 BCE). [1] Throughout their history, the necropolises were home to various types of living inhabitants as well. She was an immigrant to Fustat and acquired a strong reputation for baraka before her death in 824 CE, and her tomb is still highly important and popular today. The oasis is 6 miles (10 km) long by 4-5 miles (6-8 km) wide and has about 200 springs. Is hamunaptra real? The Guinness Book of World Records considers the Brazilian wandering spider the most venomous in the world. Like I state upon the image in this post it is one of my favorite movies of all time! [1] This population grew and shrank according to circumstances in different eras. In Egypt, once a person had died, they were mummified, and no one was buried alive. West of Shari'a Salah Salem is the al-Darrasa neighborhood and Al-Azhar Park, along the edge of the old city walls. She approaches a sarcophagus and suddenly a mummified, partially-wrapped body sits up, scaring her. [1] Some historians believe that the necropolis zone was divided into two cemeteries: the Qarafat al-Sughra, or "Smaller Qarafa", located further north, and the Qarafat al-Kubra, or "Greater Qarafa", spreading over a large area further south. In the Second Mummy movie, where the Scorpion king made a deal with the god Anubis, in exchanged for the king soul, Anubis would grant endless power. So he had jars of beer, the clothes that he would need in the afterlife, but also wine. [7] It lies close to the Citadel walls, adjoining the district of al-Darb al-Ahmar, and is cut off from the rest of the cemeteries by the modern Salah Salem road. [1] Only a relatively modest number of Mamluk funerary monuments were built here, although they were of high architectural quality and some remain today. Furthermore, City of the Dead must refer to the Valley of the Kings and the memorial temples on the Theban West Bank. Courtney grew up watching Disney movies and found a love of comic book movies and Star Wars later in life. The burning of Fustat in 1168 led to the decline of that city and its importance, and the ruined sections of the city may have become burial grounds integrated into the Greater Qarafa. Al-Shafi'i was an extremely important Islamic scholar who founded the Shafi'i madhhab (a school of Islamic jurisprudence) which is predominant in many parts of the Muslim world. The city was fiercely guarded by the Medjai warriors and by warrior priests, with any that found the city silenced so as not to divulge its location; a burial within the city could only be attended by the High Priest of Osiris and his priests, accompanied by soldiers and slaves. When she isnt keeping up with Disney, Star Wars and comic book movies, she is watching musical theater, exploring Las Vegas and visiting family in New York City. Well all of the character were dead but they were not legend. [1] Nonetheless, a number of famous historical figures are believed to be buried here, including the Fatimid vizier Badr al-Gamali, the scholar and traveler Ibn Khaldun, and probably the historian al-Maqrizi; though unfortunately the locations of their tombs are now unknown. [5] Only a small number of them left any monument attesting to their time in Egypt, and only six such monuments were in the Qarafa. And most will ask: is Hamunaptra real? After murdering Seti I, Imhotep and his followers run away. Courtney is a feature writer for Screen Rant based Las Vegas. [7], North of the Sayyida Nafisa Mosque, the tombs and cemeteries blend into the dense urban fabric of the city. Although the tradition of visiting and spending time with the graves of relatives (even staying overnight at the tombs) dates back to Ancient Egypt and is still practiced to some extent today, the idea of living permanently among tombs has arguably lost its cultural legitimacy in modern times due to more restrictive attitudes about the function of cemeteries. The main road leading past it, Shari'a al-Khalifa, is historically the southern continuation of the qasaba avenue (which at its northern end is known as al-Mu'izz street) and was the main northsouth road of Cairo for centuries, starting at Bab al-Futuh and leading all the way into the Qarafa. There are so much we as a collective could do, and yet no one does it. Fay I am also interested in fiction books set in Egypt. The time is the Nineteenth Dynasty, during the reign of the pharaoh, Seti I (c. 1,294-1,279 BC). [1], The authorities have been historically ambivalent as to how to deal with the growing population in the cemeteries. The City of the Dead, or Cairo Necropolis, also referred to as the Qarafa (Arabic: , romanized: al-Qarafa; locally pronounced as al-arafa), is a series of vast Islamic-era necropolises and cemeteries in Cairo, Egypt. Their inclusion in the film is a nod to a similarly named group of people we know as the Medjay. In The Mummy, the army is featured as modern descendants who had magical powers to defeat their adversaries, led by the beloved character, Ardeth Bay, who in The Mummy's original script was planned as a secondary antagonist. The city of Hamunaptra was created for the action-adventure movie and wasn't a real city. Finding several scarabs affixed to a wall, he carelessly hacks out several to keep for himself. These were especially important to the Shi'i version of Islam of which the Fatimids were adherents. He was not an evil priest, I would say the very opposite. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Children of Ancient Egyptian royalty (deceased)Imhotep (deceased)Imhotep's priests (deceased)Warrior priests Dr. Allen Chamberlain (Jonathan Hyde), the Americans guide, tells them, Seti was no fool. Many of the waqf trusts which governed the functioning and upkeep of the religious foundations built throughout Cairo and its necropolis were embezzled so as to appropriate their revenues. Rick O'Connell (Brendan Frasier) is an American serving in the French Foreign Legion. [1], Under Abbasid rule (starting in 750 CE), the center of government shifted to a new city founded just northeast of Fustat, called al-'Askar, and then again to another city, al-Qata'i, built by the semi-independent governor Ahmad Ibn Tulun in the 9th century. [1], The cemeteries are registered as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic Cairo and contain numerous historic mausoleums and religious sites from a wide range of periods. However, the legends included in The Mummy have never been associated with the city. First appearance Oh yes the land of ancient Egypt is filled with treasures, still to this day, why do you think some people have patent on it , The Hidden Helicopter Hieroglyphic symbol, Discover the real Secrets of Ancient Egypt. The ancient city was found near some of Egypt's best-known monuments. The mummy is accidentally awakened and starts searching for his reincarnated love. [4][1]:123,297298 In any case, however, these terms would be used in various ways later on. And he was buried with all the things you might expect. [7] The most significant foundation here appears to have been the Zawiya of Shaykh Zayn al-Din Yusuf in 1299, which attracted pilgrims and formed the core of a new habitable district which later became the neighbourhood of al-Qadiriya. What was Imhotep curse? [1] The inhabitants of the cemeteries are socially heterogeneous and live in different communities across the area, which has probably inhibited them from forming a united front in dealing with the authorities. Hamunaptra, or The City of the Dead, was a lost city where pharaohs were laid to rest in The Mummy. The Egyptians had four canopic vases, not five and they would not remove the heart because they believed the Ib controlled the body's movements, even though we know it is the brain. In the process, they rip open a stone panel on the base of a statue, callously yanking out whats inside. In this early period, monumental mausoleums were quite rare, graves were unadorned, and only the most important tombs might have had some distinguishing structure at all, as early Islam discouraged ostentatious tombs. Later, within the underground chambers and corridors, Rick and Jonathan are frantically looking for the book of Amun-Re to counter the spells from the Book of the Dead. Not only was The Mummy a dark, horror-based movie like The City of the Dead, but they also had some similarities in the plot. Sincerely, Contents 1 Creation 2 Discovery 3 Appearance 3.1 The Gold Pyramid 4 Trivia 5 Appearances Creation [1][6] Further south, Imam al-Shafi'i, a Sunni religious scholar of major importance and founder of the Shafi'i madhhab, was buried in the middle of the cemetery in the early 9th century on the site of the early Quraysh cemetery. The Medjay were a real tribe who lived in the east desert ranging from Egypt to the Red Sea. However, many Fatimid officials and elites chose to be buried in the Qarafa. Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Like many parts of modern Cairo, the neighborhoods here developed in part through the construction of unregulated "informal" housing; which is to say low-cost constructions, often apartment blocs, built privately without the official approval of authorities. One so horrible, it had never before been bestowed.. The legendary land of Pharaohs offers you a memorable. [1] Modernization efforts led to the demolition of many old buildings in the historic districts of the city, displacing much of the poor and working class towards the outskirts of the city. The inclusion of gold and many precious stones such as lapis-lazuli and turquoise testify to its importance and high quality. What is the deadliest spider in the world? [16], The Bab-al Nasr cemetery is much smaller in size than the other necropolises and lies directly north of the historic city walls, sandwiched between the al-Husayniya neighborhood (historically a northern suburb of Cairo) and what is now the northern part of the al-Darrasa neighborhood (which separates it from the Northern Cemetery). Hamunaptra - The Lost City. [3] These squatters were still a very small fraction of the total population of the cemetery zones: around 3% of nearly 180,000 people at that time. I truly appreciate your thoughts, Though The Mummy included these legends from Egyptian history, the backstories and their attributes are dramatized to create an engrossing fantasy plot. The upcoming movie The Scorpion King is fiction, but recent archeological studies indicate there really was a King Scorpion in ancient Egypt and that he played a crucial role in uniting the country and building it into the worlds first empire. The Mummy created an adventure with a mixture of fact and fiction that still thrills audiences. Just the education a big different back then, Yes I am very serious regarding ancient Egypt and its history. [7], The Bab al-Wazir Cemetery, just north of the Citadel walls and south of the main Northern Cemetery, also dates from the Mamluk period. It is an ancient lost city that served for many centuries as the resting place for the Pharaohs of Egypt and their treasures. But anyway you have a nice blog. Shantytowns are mostly gone, but only a portion of tomb residents have good access to regular amenities. Though there weren't a lot of stories available surrounding Imhotep, his reputation for wisdom and glory shows that his life most likely wasn't similar to the one depicted in The Mummy. Karima. The horror that we see in Imhoteps eyes and those around him suffering a similar fate surely has parallels in Egyptian funerary texts. Most of the movies are fiction in some sense, yet it is well mixed with real people from ancient Egypt, but they are not portrayed in the correct manner. The film presents Ardeth Bey and the Medjay as men skilled in combat and wholly devoted to preventing the return of Imhotep. [5]:190, Under Ottoman rule (15171798), Egypt became a province of a vast empire with Istanbul as its capital. [1], In some areas of the Qarafa, particularly the Imam al-Shafi'i district, permanent habitation for the living was less frowned upon and even received some help from the government. Off course I know that there was a scorpion king. A scene within the Museum of Antiquities in Cairo shows Evelyn exploring a room filled with all sorts of Egyptian antiquities. I really like it! As you realise there are many temples in Egypt which the designers could have used as their inspiration. [1], Ottoman rule was suddenly ended by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt in 1798. [1], Behind (east of) the Sayyida Nafisa Mosque stand the Tombs of the Abbasid Caliphs, a mausoleum which holds the remains of the successors of the Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad. Yes I am saying that Imhotep really did exist (Let me correct this; No I do not say, it is Proven on temple walls and sculptures that he did exist). [1], During the second half of the 20th century, rapid urbanization and the modernization of industries in and around Cairo lead to a massive migration that the city was ill-equipped to handle. The idea of being buried alive sounds extreme. [1] (The construction of the Salah Salem highway, however, also implicated the destruction of some of the cemeteries along the edge of the Northern Cemetery. Conclusion: Imhotep was a real historic person from the period of the 3rd Dynasty of Old Kingdom (2686-2637 BC) and he served under the pharaoh Djoser as his vizier and high priest. Are you saying that imoteph existed? The film follows adventurer Rick O'Connell as he travels to Hamunaptra, the City of the Dead, with a librarian and her older brother, where they accidentally awaken Imhotep, a cursed high priest with supernatural powers. And they are best enjoyed on Nile River Cruises. By the end of Abbasid rule in Egypt in the 10th century, the necropolis is reported to have covered an enormous area stretching several kilometers from the southern edge of al-Qata'i (close to the Mosque of Ibn Tulun and the later Citadel of Salah ad-Din) to the former lake of Birkat al-Habash (just south of the modern Ring Road today in the Basatin district). Her mausoleum was accompanied by a khanqah for Sufis, which became a recurring architectural format for future funerary complexes. Scorpion was a king in southern Egypt that was buried in a very spectacular way. Some areas of dense urban housing have developed at several sites within the boundaries of the historic necropolis, forming their own city neighborhoods. Thank you for following me and I hope you enjoy the read His tomb is of major religious and spiritual importance for many, as an important site of baraka and an attraction for pilgrims from across the Muslim world. Stereotypical elements such as fake doors and elaborate mechanisms exist to keep robbers at bay from glorious riches. [1] Later, during Nasser's presidency in the 1960s, the government even built public housing on the edge of the Imam al-Shafi'i neighbourhood to house some of the people displaced by the construction of the Salah Salem highway, and some schools were also built. Sincerely, [1][7] In 1320, Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad put an end to the games and the military functions of the area were abandoned, but it came to be inhabited by Sufi orders searching for space outside the crowded city. Sure, Ancient Egypt is the setting of the film and a mummy is at the centre stage of the plot; yet the lack of Egyptian actors in the film is lamentable. There, he begins the process to resurrect her so they can live again together. [1] The most important of the constructions in the Qarafa appears to have been a monumental palace complex called "al-Andalus", built in 977 by Durzan (or Taghrid), the mother of Caliph al-'Aziz. We know of similar examples, such as the pectoral of princess Sit-Hathor-Iunet uncovered from her tomb at Lahun. Creator of the Universe, the Cosmos, and the Earth, Amun-Ra is an emblematic figure of ancient Egypt. The 1999 release of The Mummy directed by Stephen Sommers is yet another instalment in the mummy genre following Boris Karloffs famous 1932 version The Mummy. But it is a good movie just like the first one. The question is, Ananke edizioni 2008, Mike Davis: Planet der Slums, Assoziation A, Berlin, 2007, p. 32, Mosque and mausoleum complex of Sultan Qaitbay, Khanqah-mausoleum of Sultan Farag ibn Barquq, "Egypt denies destroying ancient Islamic cemeteries to build bridge", "Meet The Egyptian Families Who Live Among The Tombs In Cairo's Massive Cemetery", "Al-Qhirah (Governorate, Egypt) Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location", "Living with the Dead: Contested Spaces and the Right to Cairo's Inner City Cemeteries", "Welcome To 'The City Of The Dead,' The Giant Egyptian Neighborhood Built Into A Graveyard", Living with the Past in the City of the Dead Heritage, Bing Maps aerial view City of the Dead and environs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_of_the_Dead_(Cairo)&oldid=1144088152, Tomb and Khanqah of Khawand Tughay (or of Umm Anuk), This page was last edited on 11 March 2023, at 19:28. Except we are not at Giza; instead, the narrator tells us we are in Thebes, City of the Living, several hundred of kilometres to the south! We have always known about them. The practice continued and developed for well over 2,000 years, into the Roman Period (ca. [5] One hundred and ten pashas held the office during this period and many ended their terms in jail or under house arrest. [1] Just as elsewhere in Cairo, this involved the construction of unofficial housing without government approval in areas where people could find space to build or where they were able to demolish or incorporate older structures. Just the existence of Imhotep and Nefertiti in the same time line, is very wrong. cursed in antiquity. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. [1] This period marked the height of Cairo's wealth and power, and in turn probably marked the high point of the Qarafa in terms of prestige and splendor. The set is priced at $39.95. [1][8] Along with their palaces, the Fatimids also built mosques, madrasas, and ribats for religious instruction and activities, all of which required the creation of infrastructure for water and other necessities. [1] As elsewhere in the city, their monuments were typically a combination of mausoleum, mosque, madrasa, khanqah and other functions. Destroyed and abandoned upon finding artifacts, Ardeth Bay's description of the City of the Dead., The Mummy. [1], Under the long reign of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (12931341), Cairo's prosperity led to increased use of the Qarafa necropolis and to its revitalization, with the "Smaller Qarafa" of Ayyubid times (around the Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i) now re-merging with the "Greater Qarafa". Moreover, rural migration towards the cities began to rise significantly (and would only increase over the 20th century). Though it is referred to as a book, the inscriptions were often found on long papyrus, tomb walls, wrappings, and even King Tuts golden mask. He was a remarkable personality of ancient Egypt, and his being is still wrapped in a mysterious scarf. I never seen that movie yet. How much of the beloved 1999 film is real? Today, the cemeteries are also crossed and split by rail lines and major roads such as the ring-roads of Shari'a Salah Salem and Kobri Al Ebageah, thus creating prominent barriers between parts of the necropolis that were once contiguous with each other. The travelers find the ancient city and accidentally awaken Imhotep (Arnold Vosloo). Unfortunately, this is a fictional city as the name did not exist in Ancient Egypt. A garrison of the French Foreign Legion led by Colonel Guizot, an officer placed in charge of the troops, had believed so much in Hamunaptra, which was said to be nothing more than a mere myth, that they had, without orders . [7], Today, the area east of Imam al-Shafi'i's mausoleum is a densely populated neighborhood named after him, the eastern part of which is also known as al-Tunsi. The focus of development, however, shifted from the old Qarafa, which was by then fully saturated, to new areas of development north of the Citadel, which later became what is now known as the Northern Cemetery. We can detect the Medjay in the archaeological record from the Middle Kingdom to the early New Kingdom. The world has too much of everything (food) already, now we just need people to share and not only take we (the people) should demand, that hunger be exterminated, since we have so much food, but much of it is just going to waste. The city was important as one of the nearest ports to the Asiatic seaboard. The site of that madrasa later became the site of the current mosque adjoining the mausoleum. Sincerely, Rick, Jonathan and Ardeth enlist the help of Winston Havlock, a desillusioned WWI fighter pilot, to fly them over to Hamunaptra. The name Hamunaptra cant be found in Egypt, but there was once a city in India that had that name, so that part is fiction. The cemeteries are located in what were arid desert areas outside the main city and just outside the traditional floodplains of the Nile. I am knit together, just and young, for I indeed am Osiris, the Lord of Eternity. The wealth and monumentality of Egypt comes out strong in the grandeur of the royal palace, located next to the pyramids. The 1999 film stars protagonist Rick OConnell (Brendan Fraser) as the maverick, streetsmart adventurer, Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz), a book-smart scholar, and Imhotep (Arnold Vosloo), the films antagonist. Hello. [1] Even of those living among the actual tombs, at least half of them in the 1980s (when the tomb-dwelling population appears to have peaked) were workers, along with their families, whose livelihoods were directly linked to the tombs themselves, such as morticians, gravediggers, masons, and private tomb guardians. Nevertheless, funerary texts of the New Kingdom reveal to us numerous instances of brutal punishment for those who do not make it to the afterlife. [7], The Southern Cemetery is located within the al-Khalifa qism (district) of the Cairo Governorate. The road grew in importance during the Mamluk period as the Mamluks' military dominance in the region ensured the safety of the pilgrimage route. Egypt Hamunaptra (also known as the City of the Dead) is a fictional Egyptian city in Egypt and a location in The Mummy. The body has no agency as it is simply a prop, which Jonathan uses to prank his sister. Imhotep also had powers from being cursed in The Mummy, another aspect of the figure that cant be substantiated. The Battle of Hamunaptra was a battle that occured between the Tuareg braves and the French Foreign Legionnaires occupying the ancient City of the Dead, Hamunaptra. Fast Facts: The Dead Sea is actually not a sea at all, but a lake thats made up of about 30 percent salt. Then you've come to the right place! While his followers are wrapped, then mummified alive, Imhoteps fate is much more cruel. As Evelyn makes her way to the prison to free Rick, she has to haggle for Ricks release with a corrupt Egyptian prison warden (Omid Djalili). This tragic of water and hunger, and no one doing anything (only 1-4% of people are really involved with these situations) it always makes me speechless and very angry. We know them from textual sources from as early as the late Old Kingdom that they may have worked as mercenaries for the Egyptians. Egypt I would personally say, that we have no real education in today's world.. Dwayne Johnson on Twitter: And yes, I did eat a real scorpion in The Mummy Returns. The most famous are the Mosque and mausoleum complex of Sultan Qaitbay (featured on the Egyptian 1 Pound note), the Mausoleum complex of Sultan Barsbay, and the Khanqah-mausoleum of Sultan Farag ibn Barquq.
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