Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter", "Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion", "Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter", "The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work? in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. and our Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. The Antimatter Bomb: Only Weapon More Powerful Than A Nuke 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. If you absolutely, positively need to sterilize the surface, you must blast it from orbit. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. How much energy is released? - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. The worlds most powerful nuke ever created was the Tsar Bomba. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. These complications have been sidestepped by convention. The team hasn't found any other meaningful differences between matter and antimatter. In our case, we're taking the mass of earth plus the mass of the antimatter planet. This result is only bizarre for someone who has a prior commitment to the Big Bang model. What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? . Given how difficult it is to make antimatter, this is probably the only way could do so using antimatter within the next 100 years. A Tsar Bomb? Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. The problem you'll quickly run into is that the Earth is big. None. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout Crash it into an iridium block. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. Speed it up enormously 3. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. Antimatter: how the world's most expensive and explosive - ABC The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? An antimatter powered spaceship would have a higher thrust-weight ratio than ones powered by other fuels, which means it could travel faster. With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? To create antimatter you just need to create matter. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. Antimatter - Wikipedia Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. Cookie Notice While I can't provide any numbers to back this up, I have a feeling the answers to Part 2 and Part 3 are going to be the same. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. Still a big bang. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. Joules. For a spherical blast wave, the change in pressure is: The above equation is known as the modified Friedlander equation, and it is used to calculate the change in pressure over time. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius - isgho-sup.com The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Strange Frontiers, episode 2:The factory where one of the most expensive and elusive materials is made. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. To study antimatter, you must prevent it from being annihilated . Unravelling this cosmic conundrum is what the researchers at CERN's Antimatter Factory are trying to do. We could make this happen if we work at it. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Though one of the answer does say that we would need 1.3 trillion tonnes of antimatter to blow up the Earth. c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. The opposite to Worldbuilding: World Destruction, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. A typical blast wave has a high-pressure jump, which denotes the wavefront. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Extreme caution is advised. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. Such an asteroid would boil away the oceans and transform the atmosphere into one of steam and molten rock." Con: You need a lotta bombs. Antimatter is the opposite of matter. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). Would it be similarly anti-climactic? How explosive is Antimatter, Really? : r/AskPhysics - Reddit All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. Comparing with nuclear weapons, this is about 50 kton TNT. It was created by an international team of scientists at CERN. Indiana Jones level kill you immediately radiation dosage is about 100000 rads, so that's about 290,000 kg of antiprotons spread out evenly. Still a single bomb, it destroys the earth and you have plenty of time for popcorn while you wait. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. 1 megaton is about 4.2x10 15 J. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. What Is Antimatter? Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb (it has to be detonated in one particular location, but it can be as big as necessary, even as big as an entire city), how much antimatter would we need in order to eradicate all animals on Earth? Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. However that would require a lot more than 10kg. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. If antimatter makes contact with air it will cause an explosion. But it's really not that big of an explosion. That should be a pure gamma output initially, but I'm curious as to what would happen to the atmosphere - what will happen to that much energy, will fission happen and how much life will survive? Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. The recipe they use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: 1. Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? thanks for the detailed answer! In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. Nope. There are two surefire ways. Matter and antimatter particles annihilate one another whenever they come into contact! MathJax reference. As of now an antimatter bomb, large enough to cause any damage, wont be made because its just so expensive to make. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. What does 'They're at four. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The very find dust gets around the problem that a chunk of antimatter in the presence of ordinary matter acts a bit like a chunk of sodium dropped into water. The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. And the final is that it might help us solve a fairly enormous cosmic conundrum: why the material universe exists. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. This amazing device creates a region of space where the magnetic field gets larger in all directions. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. [3], As of 2004[update], the cost of producing one millionth of a gram of antimatter was estimated at US $60 billion. religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . TNT Calculator - IME Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. achieving the specified result. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. So ever since I read a book (Angels and Demons by Dan Brown?) This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. The solar irradiance on Earth every second. This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. The time of interaction is very short. The pressure decays exponentially over time and has positive and negative (suction) phases. How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? You bet. Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010. Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Even on larger time scales, creating enough anti-matter to destroy the earth will still be very difficult without invoking the drop a rock strategy. If you wanted to blow up the planet you could do so by exploding an antimatter bomb near the Earths core. Air Force Researching Antimatter Weapons - Slashdot In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. Blast Radius Calculator The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. I definitely think #1 is overkill in his answer though. "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. Would it be imperceptible? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It actually produces one about every one hour and fifteen minutes. 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Antimatter would do the same. And based on what we know about this terrifying-sounding substance, the Universe probably shouldn't exist at all. Energy = Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. For safety purposes a range as wide as 26736702J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion.
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