an independent scholar and director of OutHistory.org, with help from David Carter, the author of Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution Doric Wilson:In those days, the idea of walking in daylight, with a sign saying, "I'm a faggot," was horren--, nobody, nobody was ready to do that. The term like "authority figures" wasn't used back then, there was just "Lily Law," "Patty Pig," "Betty Badge." John O'Brien:Heterosexuals, legally, had lots of sexual outlets. And we were singing: "We are the Village girls, we wear our hair in curls, we wear our dungarees, above our nellie knees." Judith Kuchar Chapter 2: Activist Agendas and Visions before Stonewall, Chapter 3: Political Protests before Stonewall, Chapter 6: Activist Agendas after Stonewall, Chapter 7: Political Protests after Stonewall, About the Author:Short CV/Long CV/Biography, Documenting the Stonewall Riots: A Bibliography of Primary Sources, View the files for Part I, II, III and Resources, San Francisco State All of the rules that I had grown up with, and that I had hated in my guts, other people were fighting against, and saying "No, it doesn't have to be this way.". Daily News We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. The Genovese family bribed New Yorks Sixth Police Precinct to ignore the activities occurring within the club. John O'Brien:All of a sudden, the police faced something they had never seen before. Once it started, once that genie was out of the bottle, it was never going to go back in. other rioters, Wolfgang Podolski and Thomas Staton, whose involvement in the disturbances had not been documented before. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:There were complaints from people who objected to the wrongful behavior of some gays who would have sex on the street. That night, the Martha Babcock The Stonewall Riots : A Documentary History edited by Marc Stein provides And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. They raided the Checkerboard, which was a very popular gay bar, a week before the Stonewall. So gay people were being strangled, shot, thrown in the river, blackmailed, fired from jobs. manner of the way the police conducted themselves. When A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. Bars were one of the few places LBGTQ+ people could gather in public, and these spaces were frequently raided throughout the 1950s-1970s. This is one thing that if you don't get caught by us, you'll be caught by yourself. And so there was this drag queen standing on the corner, so they go up and make a sexual offer and they'd get busted. I am not alone, there are other people that feel exactly the same way.". And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. It was as if they were identifying a thing. They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. You know. Marc Steins The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History is a primary-source collection of the sort that a professor might assign in a class on social movements. The windows were always cloaked. It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. America thought we were these homosexual monsters and we were so innocent, and oddly enough, we were so American. Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors All gifts are made through Stanford University and are tax-deductible. This time they said, "We're not going." It provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted inThe Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. This was a highly unusual raid, going in there in the middle of the night with a full crowd, the Mafia hasn't been alerted, the Sixth Precinct hasn't been alerted. Watch documentary footage of the first Pride march held in New York City on June 28, 1970, Gay and Proud, a documentary by activist Lilli Vincenz: The S.V.A. Charles Harris, Transcriptions Urban Stages You needed a license even to be a beautician and that could be either denied or taken away from you. Webindividual project on the stonewall riots pcs 309 dr hale Research Paper: eight-ten pages with the following sections (30 points): Introduction Conflict Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University We were winning. Somebody grabbed me by the leg and told me I wasn't going anywhere. Anthony Wilhite - Stonewall Riots guiding questions '1Cmj`VUJlh**rUPlMmc_J)?lM6}L7@P?|h,hqzFf4'7`Z0FgGfoLv(rVGb`_p!^lxJ*j/;d8RhUUJ\*Rrq'zNphGlXKbQci{:TIFEPu@B?@=f/1)@dB9ldx+=dWR$>{^w(/2II^Q,e,)1;y1,E~cum}4VRQ,;W]mTN1TW mw$$%Zjmd1CyCyu`WU6. Dick Leitsch:You read about Truman Capote and Tennessee Williams and Gore Vidal and all these actors and stuff, Liberace and all these people running around doing all these things and then you came to New York and you found out, well maybe they're doing them but, you know, us middle-class homosexuals, we're getting busted all the time, every time we have a place to go, it gets raided. In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police; in the peace movement, we ran from the police. Website support provided by Margaret Paz. The lasting impact of the Stonewall Riots. PBS - American Experience - Who was at Stonewall? Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:There were all these articles in likeLife Magazineabout how the Village was liberal and people that were called homosexuals went there. most fun and fascinating nights of my life. JNT2 Hannah Ingraham - Grade: 100%; NY Times Paywall - Case Analysis with questions and their answers. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. Many historians characterized the uprising as a spontaneous protest against the perpetual police harassment and social discrimination suffered by a variety of sexual minorities in the 1960s. Raymond Castro We assembled on Christopher Street at 6th Avenue, to march. I first engaged in such acts when I was 14 years old. But you live with it, you know, you're used to this, after the third time it happened, or, the third time you heard about it, that's the way the world is. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattachine Society, an organization dedicated to gay rights, staged a sip-in where they openly declared their sexuality at taverns, daring staff to turn them away and suing establishments who did. HIS 100 Module Four Activity Narratives.docx - HIS 100 It's very American to say, "You promised equality, you promised freedom." Our lessons and assessments are available for free download once you've created an account. Gay people were told we didn't have any of that. Martin Boyce:Oh, Miss New Orleans, she wouldn't be stopped. Stonewall riots, also called Stonewall uprising, series of violent confrontations that began in the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outside the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. Their anger was apparent and vocal as they watched bar patrons being forced into a police van. One report cites three people Raymond Castro, Marilyn Fowler and Vincent DePaul as having acted together to shove and kick the officer. Ms. Fowler and Mr. DePaul had not been previously In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn exploded into a riot when patrons of the LGBT bar resisted arrest and clashed with police. The homosexual, bitterly aware of his rejection, responds by going underground. The music was great, cafes were good, you know, the coffee houses were good. Slate:Perversion for Profit(1965), Citizens for Decency Through Law. He is not interested in, nor capable of a lasting relationship like that of a heterosexual marriage. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The federal government would fire you, school boards would fire you. The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". Seven pages of records were released by the citys Police Department in response to a Freedom of Information Law request. In 1969, a series of riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, changed the landscape of homosexual society quite literally overnight. For a comprehensive list of which homophile groups contributed financially to the first Pride, researchers can reference the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Bulletin and Reports External. It is not comprehensive or complete; please send recommendations for additional primary sources by email tomarcs@sfsu.edu. There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. Dick Leitsch:It was an invasion, I mean you felt outraged and stuff like you know what, God, this is America, what's this country come to? Stonewall Many mainstream and African American periodicals (magazines and newspapers) are available viaProquest Historical Newspapers,Newsbank, andGoogle Books. Maybe the guys name was real (parents do name their kids after saints) but maybe it was just given at the time of arrest. There was at least one gay bar that was run just as a hustler bar for straight gay married men. The shop had been threatened, we would get hang-up calls, calls where people would curse at us on the phone, we'd had vandalism, windows broken, streams of profanity. good people to the attention of your readers. when possible. More info at //www.nypl.org/calendar. "The rebellion (it was never a 'riot') lasted five inconsecutive nights (they were not 'riots')" -STONEWALL Veterans' Association. As the riots progressed, an international gay rights movement was born. (Indeed, photographs taken by The New York Times from the final night of the riots, Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:I never bought a drink at the Stonewall. WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. While Stonewall became well known due to the media coverage and the subsequent annual Pride traditions, it was a culmination of years of LGBTQ+ activism. But we had to follow up, we couldn't just let that be a blip that disappeared. The Stonewall was also not the only bar in town being frequently raided. Black Night Brawl, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 5, 1961. J. Michael Grey And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. These homosexuals glorify unnatural sex acts. Slate:Activity Group Therapy (1950), Columbia University Educational Films. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Our radio was cut off every time we got on the police radio. With riveting narrative skill, he recreates those revolutionary, sweltering nights in vivid detail through the lives of six people who were drawn into the struggle for LGBTQ rights. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:And then the next night. Stonewall Rebellion - HIS 100 - Perspectives in History - Research WebHIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives Xavier Bethea Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. It was a way to vent my anger at being repressed. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. Stonewall Riots Internet History Sourcebooks Project Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of a sudden, in the background I heard some police cars. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. Calling 'em names, telling 'em how good-looking they were, grabbing their butts. Because as the police moved back, we were conscious, all of us, of the area we were controlling and now we were in control of the area because we were surrounded the bar, we were moving in, they were moving back. In 1969, it had no liquor license and held refuge for gay men and transvestites against the prejudiced police and laws. 2. Mike Nuget It was one of the things you did in New York, it was like the Barnum and Bailey aspect of it. We knew it was a gay bar, we walked past it. So if any one of you, have let yourself become involved with an adult homosexual, or with another boy, and you're doing this on a regular basis, you better stop quick. John O'Brien:Whenever you see the cops, you would run away from them. Acceptance and respect from the establishment were no longer being humbly requested but angrily and righteously demanded. Though no longer on City Room, New York Today continues to appear every weekday morning, offering a roundup of news and events for the city. Danny Garvin:We were talking about the revolution happening and we were walking up 7th Avenue and I was thinking it was either Black Panthers or the Young Lords were going to start it and we turned the corner from 7th Avenue onto Christopher Street and we saw the paddy wagon pull up there. We will continue to publish one item each weekday Philly took me to NYC for the 1st time and we went to a bar called The Sewer. Then during lunch, Ralph showed him some pornographic pictures. Thats why all our lessons and assessments are free. As members of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Frank Kameny and Lilli Vincenz participated in the discussion, planning, and promotion of the first Pride along with activists in New York City and other homophile groups belonging to E.R.C.H.O. John DiGiacomo Why We Remember Stonewall. And this went on for hours. Not even us. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. New York papers tend to call it the Stonewall uprising, not the Stonewall riot, because it played out as six days of skirmishes between young gay, lesbian, and rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. Cover art for The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History and The Stonewall Reader. Like, "Joe, if you fire your gun without me saying your name and the words 'fire,' you will be walking a beat on Staten Island all alone on a lonely beach for the rest of your police career. Franco Sacchi, Additional Animation and Effects Based on John O'Brien:I knew that the words that were being said to put down people, was about me. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. And she was quite crazy. And Howard said, "Boy there's like a riot gonna happen here," and I said, "yeah." One never knows when the homosexual is about. Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. Mike Wallace (Archival):Two out of three Americans look upon homosexuals with disgust, discomfort or fear. Lilli M. Vincenz morning and a round-up in Monday's print edition. Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. It gives back a little of the terror they gave in my life. Janice Flood And once that happened, the whole house of cards that was the system of oppression of gay people started to crumble. were wrongplain and simple.. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:We would scatter, ka-poom, every which way. Doug Cramer The Stonewall Inn opened its doors as a gay bar in 1967 in Greenwich Village, Do you understand me?". Eventually something was bound to blow. Paper, $35.00.) A word that would be used in the 1960s for gay men and lesbians. And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. Danny Garvin:We became a people. 4 0 obj You can find the latest entries at nytimes.com/diary and on our New York section online. % I guess they're deviates. I mean I'm talking like sardines. ISBN: 0143133519 Stonewall : the riots that sparked the gay revolution by David Carter Call Number: Boca Raton General Collection HQ76 .C315 2004 ISBN: BBC Worldwide Americas (c) 2011 "Daybreak Express" by D.A. What do you do in Documenting the Stonewall Riots that you didnt do in your book? Without police interference, the crime family could cut costs how they saw fit: The club lacked a fire exit, running water behind the bar to wash glasses, clean toilets that didnt routinely overflow and palatable drinks that werent watered down beyond recognition. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. You see these cops, like six or eight cops in drag. Yvonne Ritter:I had just turned 18 on June 27, 1969. traumatic physicaL, emotional and financial personal experience of my own at the time, I nonetheless said a silent prayer for those who were brave enough to be fighting for freedom. They began to jeer at and jostle the police and then threw bottles and debris. Danny Garvin:Bam, bam and bash and then an opening and then whoa. And some people came out, being very dramatic, throwing their arms up in a V, you know, the victory sign. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:So you're outside, and you see like two people walking toward these trucks and you think, "Oh I think I'll go in there," you go in there, there's like a lot of people in there and it's all dark. And you felt bad that you were part of this, when you knew they broke the law, but what kind of law was that? Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. Just making their lives miserable for once. John O'Brien:And deep down I believed because I was gay and couldn't speak out for my rights, was probably one of the reasons that I was so active in the Civil Rights Movement. The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. WebDocument C: Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter 1. Nice to remember that fighting the police is sometimes a necessary part of the struggle for liberation. Mafia house beer? It was fun to see fags. The Stonewall riots inspired gay Americans to fight for their rights. Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. Jorge Garcia-Spitz Metropolitan Diary continues to publish! 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. This, to a homosexual, is no choice at all. And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." Most importantly, this anthology shines a light on forgotten figures who were pivotal in the movement, such as Lee Brewster, head of the Queens Liberation Front and Ernestine Eckstine, one of the few out, African American, lesbian activists in the 1960s. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We were looking for secret exits and one of the policewomen was able to squirm through the window and they did find a way out. This set uses primary sources to explore the events preceding and surrounding the Stonewall Inn uprising as well as the aftermath of the riots in the gay liberation movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Getty Images Use all four of your sources (two primary and two secondary) to answer the questions below. I hope it was. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. I was a homosexual. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. And we all relaxed. It was as bad as any situation that I had met in during the army, had just as much to worry about. Identify the topic you chose to explore: Tulsa Massacre The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. Mike Wallace (Archival):The average homosexual, if there be such, is promiscuous. Homosexuals do not want that, you might find some fringe character someplace who says that that's what he wants. I was a man. Jimmy hadn't enjoyed himself so much in a long time. And I ran into Howard Smith on the street,The Village Voicewas right there. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). If you are unable to visit the Library, you may be able to access these resources through your local public or academic library. by David Carter, Associate Producer and Advisor Danny Garvin:With Waverly Street coming in there, West Fourth coming in there, Seventh Avenue coming in there, Christopher Street coming in there, there was no way to contain us. Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Edmund White (Foreword by); New York Public Library (Editor), Phyllis Lyon/Del Martin And The Daughters Of Bilitis, Arrest Reports from the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, Stonewall and It's Impact on the Gay Liberation Movement, Stonewall 50: Library of Congress Panel Discussion on LGBTQ+ Research, Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Bulletin and Reports, Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967. There may be some girls here who will turn lesbian. And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". But that night, for some unknown reason, people fought back. The first police officer that came in with our group said, "The place is under arrest. Documents. They call them hotels, motels, lovers' lanes, drive-in movie theaters, etc. Even non-gay people. Stonewall Riots For the first time the next person stood up. I made friends that first day. have been published previously, Mr. Katz said. Daniel Pine Lester Senior Housing Community, Jewish Community Housing Corporation But we couldn't hold out very long. The ones that came close you could see their faces in rage. All Rights Reserved. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography If there's one place in the world where you can dance and feel yourself fully as a person and that's threatened with being taken away, those words are fighting words. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. That's more an uprising than a riot. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:The Stonewall, they didn't have a liquor license and they were raided by the cops regularly and there were pay-offs to the cops, it was awful. Replace the bracketed text with your responses. Michael Dolan, Technical Advisors This, the very first U.S. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Audience Member (Archival):I was wondering if you think that there are any quote "happy homosexuals" for whom homosexuality would be, in a way, their best adjustment in life? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Because the owners were still making a profit, they simply adjusted to the raids, and were often tipped off about them ahead of time.The Stonewall was raided on average once a month leading up to the raid on June 28, 1969 (Martin Duberman,Stonewall p. 187), and had been raided once already that same week. It was tremendous freedom. Martin Boyce:There were these two black, like, banjee guys, and they were saying, "What's goin' on man?" Glenn Fukushima Since 1970, LGBTQ+ people have continued to gather together in June to march with Pride and demonstrate for equal rights. How do you think that would affect him mentally, for the rest of their lives if they saw an act like that being? Dr. Socarides (Archival):Homosexuality is in fact a mental illness which has reached epidemiological proportions. Ellen Goosenberg Stonewall You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night.
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