acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes

acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes

MoistTech is very experienced with the requirements in the corrugated board moisture control process. Gene Bodenheimer, senior vice president, retail logistics damage research at Genco,leads the companys team responsible for investigating solutions for unsaleable products as well assupply chain solutions within Genco's retail vertical. Stretch film, also known as stretch wrap or pallet wrap, is one of the most popular unitization materials on the market. 2023 PMMI Media Group. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of paper and paperboard generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. And if there has to be an investment in storage racks, a favorable tradeoff is that the specified heights of unit loads can be increased, leading to increased storage densities, and later, increased handling efficiencies. Train your staff with a tool to quickly and efficiently assess standards compliance with our Hospital Compliance Assessment Workbook. corrugated boxes. Please click here to see any active alerts. Solid fiber Offering versatility and durability, solid fiber is designed to be stronger and more moisture resistant than corrugated packaging. 3 0 obj Whereas too much moisture is problematic, so too is too little. The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict spatio-temporal moisture content distribution in corrugated fibreboard cartons under standard RFC shipping conditions. . Pallets should be of quality construction; otherwise, splinters, protruding nails, and other defects can inflict damage. If no, please comment on how we could improve this response. it meets the requirements of EU Regulation 1935/2004/EG and EU Regulation 2023/2006 concerning the GMP implementation during the manufacturing of packaging intended for food from corrugated board. We can make a difference on your journey to provide consistently excellent care for each and every patient. Paper containers and packaging, excluding corrugated boxes, had a recycling rate of 20.8 percent, while corrugated boxes had a recycling rate of 96.5 percent in 2018. Aesthetically, corrugated takes on a faded, dried-out appearance, even through kraft-brown liners. Alternate bundle direction, or alternate loose boxes at intervals for greater stability. The estimated amount of glass containers recycled in 2018 was 3.1 million tons, or 31.3 percent of generation. Each component of the supply chainpackage design, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing/distribution, retail support, retail operationsas well as Mother Nature herself can be a source of damage. % Those variables aside, if high humidity is harmful, water is ruinous; therefore, under no circumstances should corrugated be stored outdoors, no matter the overhead protection. At 85% RH, a box has 50% of its potential stacking strength. With the space between deckboards on a wooden pallet averaging 1-4 inches, it is common that the bottom of the box is not being entirely supported. Evidence of damage is heavy creasing to the corrugate, a punctured case or other tell-tale signs, such as tears and rips. In addition to the structural design discussed in this article, printed bar codes, labels, and graphic . Approximately 46million tons of paper and paperboard were recycled in 2018for a recycling rate of 68.2percent, which was the highest compared to other materials in MSW. According to industry numbers, corrugated is utilized for 95% of packaged goods, with boxes (i.e. Types of changes and an explanation of change type: Therefore, any discussion about improving the sustainability of production and consumption must always address packaging as an essential part of the supply chain. Nondurable goods made of paper, excluding newspapers, had a recycling rate of 43.1 percent, while newspapers had a recycling rate of 64.8 percent. endobj Represents the most recent date that the FAQ was reviewed (e.g. In 2018, landfills received 17.2million tons of MSW paper and paperboard. Fortunately, combating the harmful effects of low humidity need not be complicated or expensive. Wandering around hoping to find treasuresor in this case, problemsisnt a strategy when so much money is on the line. From travel distance to changes in road conditions and elevation, transportation can have wide-ranging effects on the level of product damage. Box users make major investments in the development, production and promotion of their products. Touch points can become flash points for product damage. Sources: Aluminum Association data are used for generation of aluminum packaging and recycling of aluminum cans. The net import of unfilled aluminum cans is estimated from data collected by the Department of Commerce. All-in-one pharma carton printer streamlines production process, Improve line with portable high-speed cameras, Pepsi, Fanta Consider Digital Space in Spate of Soda Facelifts. Both cases can lead to failure. Mechanical measuring device: Bobst,BW PapersystemsandTechnology Coaching The converting machines play a major role in obtaining the required quality level of the finished products. If your boxes are crushing while stacked in your facility, or if you are planning to send product to areas where high humidity is prevalent, please contact us and allow FlexPAC to help you find the right solutions to your problems. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018was 4.2million tons. Review only, FAQ is current: Periodic review completed, no changes to content. Entire unit loads rejected at distribution centers can cost well over a thousand dollars each and create significant delays. However, once the corrugated is manufactured, moisture regulation is critical, so the corrugated board is dried to achieve a moisture content of 10-12% to optimize it for strength and prevent box manufacturing issues, such as: Maintaining the moisture content of the corrugated box plays a critical role in its performance. And just where do you start? Ideally, there should be no gaps between cases that are stacked on top of each other. Typical analog range is 0-10% moisture and up to as much as 40%, subject to . The purpose is to ensure that from the purchase of raw material through the delivery of the finished product to the customers' premises, all parameters of quality, hygiene and traceability are monitored. EPA estimated the generation of aluminum packaging at 1.9 million tons in 2018, or 0.7 percent of MSW generation. To put it another way, dont treat damage research like an Easter egg hunt. Other paper packaging, such as cartons and sacks, is mostly recycled as mixed papers. 19-0 . But theres a way to maximize its space. In addition to accreditation, certification, and verification, we provide tools and resources for health care professionals that can help make a difference in the delivery of care. Remember, without the lowly corrugated box, the product cannot be shipped! Obtain useful information in regards to patient safety, suicide prevention, infection control and many more. Moisture not only affects corrugated functionally, it also diminishes the appearance of the container. % Consequently, if a few boxes are unusable, the loss involved is relatively insignificant, right? In our latest case study, learn about NION Health's revolutionary "negative ion" supplement and how their luxurious NION Health has the distinction and the challenge of being the first of its kind on the market as producers of the first safely Upgrade your product's packaging game with GLBC's custom solutions. Stay up to date with all the latest Joint Commission news, blog posts, webinars, and communications. Copyright 2022 FlexPAC Web Design by Roundpeg, To get all the tips on corrugated boxes, read our blog on, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities . Nondurable goods include products such as office papers, newspapers, tissue paper, and paper plates and cups. 2 0 obj Water is used in the corrugated board production and aids in creating the liner board, forming the flute structure, and as part of the starch adhesive that combines them. The logical question one would ask, then, Is all the packaging thats being used necessary? In many cases, the answer is no. What about column or interlocking stacking? Improper and fluctuations in relative humidity can be seen in: These can result in the box structure breaking down, leading to a reduction in strength and, eventually, failure. In 2018, paper and paperboard (cardboard) materials comprised the largest component of municipal solid waste (MSW). Seas the day with our quick guide to corrugated seafood shippers! Get a Free Quote. Get a deep dive into our standards, chapter-by-chapter, individually or as a team. AutomationDirects Contrinex small rectangular inductive proximity sensors are available in sizes12mm x 27mm x 6.5mm and 12mm x 27mm x 12mm. 4 0 obj Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Get more information about cookies and how you can refuse them by clicking on the learn more button below. This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. So, although eliminating damages completely from supply chains is unrealistic, companies can approach the issue pragmatically and establish a system to measure and monitor the process so improvements can be made more efficiently. The material and strength of packaging, and even the design, can factor into damage. A matter of protection: The environment or the product? A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. On the surface this number might seem small, but the ramifications can be quite large. Knowing this, corrugated board manufacturers add small amounts of resins to the adhesive to give it moisture resistance. Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities (versatility, lightness, strength, recyclability). When it is impossible to avoid extremes or fluctuations, bring the boxes to the packing line or another area for a period of time to condition them to a more normal atmosphere before using them. Because products must be brought securely to market, some form of packaging will always be needed. In this free ebook, learn how to leverage the strengths of each generation in your packaging department. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Yet other factors outside the transportation and handling of these products contribute to damages. But is there an optimal balance between overpackaging and underpackaging? Corrugated is an engineered material, specified by paper grade, flute, style, manufacturers joint, and adhesivemainly. CORRUGATED BOXES CS19.0.5 Issued: 2017AUG10 CORPORATE STANDARD File No. EPA measures the generation, recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling of paper and paperboard products. Is this practical? Before putting together a plan, lets examine how product damage occurs and some questions to ponder. At 85% RH, a box has 50% of its potential stacking strength. The recycling rate for corrugated boxes was 96.5 percent. Find out about the current National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) for specific programs. Because corrugated is hygroscopic, the relative humidity of the storage area should be maintained within favorable tolerances. Wood packaging includes mostly wood pallets, as well as wood crates. Additionally, the combustion of containers and packaging was 7.4 million tons (21.5 percent of total combustion with energy recovery) and landfills received 30.5 million tons (20.9 percent of total landfilling) in 2018. endobj Introduction These latter quantities are not well documented, but the Agency estimated that amount of generation was 340,000 tons in 2018, none of which moved on to recycling or composting. In general it is observed in paper, corrugated sheet board and boxes that have optimum combined properties are obtained at moisture content level at 7-8% and hence moisture content of 7-8% may be the ideal value for corrugated sheet paper used in corrugated packaging industry. EPA used statistics from the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) to estimate post-consumer paper and paperboard generation in 2018. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018 was 4.2 million tons. Corrugated boxes also represent the largest single product of recycled paper and paperboard containers and packaging. The result is known as moisture resistant adhesive (MRA). Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. Manual operations are slowed and automated case erectors are jammed. Also, corrugated boxes are constructed from paper, which is affected by ambient moisture in the atmosphere. Fax: 317-872-7872. Glass containers include beer and soft drink bottles, wine and liquor bottles, as well as bottles and jars for food and juices, cosmetics, and other products. When a corrugated board is produced, the liners and fluted mediums are held together with a starch adhesive, typically food grade corn starch. 1. We have the experience to ask the right questions to ensure the boxes we provide you will meet your products needs and will remain structurally sound. FEFCO members can download the document here OR please contact FEFCO at Houriet.lefebvre@fefco.org Learn about the "gold standard" in quality. The FEFCO GMP standard was launched at the end of 2003, renewed in 2006, to ensure that corrugated boxes meet all the requirements of quality, safety and hygiene. The updated document is now available here. Our team has worked with countless companies whose boxes have faced just about every environmental condition imaginable. Corrugated should be stored on pallets, ideally, which avoids direct contact with the floor and retains the means for mechanical handling (caution: forklifts, if operated carelessly, can damage corrugated). In its most basic formula, corn starch adhesive has very little moisture resistance, which would cause the composite layers of corrugated board to separate in high humidity conditions. Before putting together a plan to reduce package damage during distribution and transportation through the supply chain, you need to examine how damage occurs and ponder these questions. Store boxes indoors and protect them from overhead moisture. Please be aware that cardboard boxes and or cardboard shelving units should not be allowed or found in areas such as: OR storerooms Central Supply Clinical areas Also, do not use cardboard boxes to store items in a dirty utility room. We know, boxes are not rocket science. Molded fiber A complete line of innovative fiber-based solutions that protect your products. Containers and packaging products in MSW are made of several materials: paper and paperboard, glass, steel, aluminum, plastics, wood, and small amounts of other materials. FEFCO Corrugated Packaging Recyclability Guidelines - design for circularity. boxes with higher basis weight, using wet strength resin additives or adhesives or application of surface barrier coatings. Some easy-to-overlook culprits are storage and handling practices. They can pull the pallet and put it in a re-coup area and submit a claim to the manufacturer. for specifying conveyor and container handling equipment, and top tips for a successful pack | In honour of #EarthDay, our amazing team shared 'One Thing I Do For Earth Day'.

Yellow Skin Around Eyes Only, Nebraska Federal Indictment List 2021, Unit 7: Global Conflict, Shamisen Instrument Classification, Articles A

acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes

acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes

acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxes

acceptable moisture content in corrugated boxescompetency based assessment in schools

MoistTech is very experienced with the requirements in the corrugated board moisture control process. Gene Bodenheimer, senior vice president, retail logistics damage research at Genco,leads the companys team responsible for investigating solutions for unsaleable products as well assupply chain solutions within Genco's retail vertical. Stretch film, also known as stretch wrap or pallet wrap, is one of the most popular unitization materials on the market. 2023 PMMI Media Group. The data below are from 1960 to 2018, relating to the total number of tons of paper and paperboard generated, recycled, composted, combusted with energy recovery and landfilled. And if there has to be an investment in storage racks, a favorable tradeoff is that the specified heights of unit loads can be increased, leading to increased storage densities, and later, increased handling efficiencies. Train your staff with a tool to quickly and efficiently assess standards compliance with our Hospital Compliance Assessment Workbook. corrugated boxes. Please click here to see any active alerts. Solid fiber Offering versatility and durability, solid fiber is designed to be stronger and more moisture resistant than corrugated packaging. 3 0 obj Whereas too much moisture is problematic, so too is too little. The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict spatio-temporal moisture content distribution in corrugated fibreboard cartons under standard RFC shipping conditions. . Pallets should be of quality construction; otherwise, splinters, protruding nails, and other defects can inflict damage. If no, please comment on how we could improve this response. it meets the requirements of EU Regulation 1935/2004/EG and EU Regulation 2023/2006 concerning the GMP implementation during the manufacturing of packaging intended for food from corrugated board. We can make a difference on your journey to provide consistently excellent care for each and every patient. Paper containers and packaging, excluding corrugated boxes, had a recycling rate of 20.8 percent, while corrugated boxes had a recycling rate of 96.5 percent in 2018. Aesthetically, corrugated takes on a faded, dried-out appearance, even through kraft-brown liners. Alternate bundle direction, or alternate loose boxes at intervals for greater stability. The estimated amount of glass containers recycled in 2018 was 3.1 million tons, or 31.3 percent of generation. Each component of the supply chainpackage design, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing/distribution, retail support, retail operationsas well as Mother Nature herself can be a source of damage. % Those variables aside, if high humidity is harmful, water is ruinous; therefore, under no circumstances should corrugated be stored outdoors, no matter the overhead protection. At 85% RH, a box has 50% of its potential stacking strength. With the space between deckboards on a wooden pallet averaging 1-4 inches, it is common that the bottom of the box is not being entirely supported. Evidence of damage is heavy creasing to the corrugate, a punctured case or other tell-tale signs, such as tears and rips. In addition to the structural design discussed in this article, printed bar codes, labels, and graphic . Approximately 46million tons of paper and paperboard were recycled in 2018for a recycling rate of 68.2percent, which was the highest compared to other materials in MSW. According to industry numbers, corrugated is utilized for 95% of packaged goods, with boxes (i.e. Types of changes and an explanation of change type: Therefore, any discussion about improving the sustainability of production and consumption must always address packaging as an essential part of the supply chain. Nondurable goods made of paper, excluding newspapers, had a recycling rate of 43.1 percent, while newspapers had a recycling rate of 64.8 percent. endobj Represents the most recent date that the FAQ was reviewed (e.g. In 2018, landfills received 17.2million tons of MSW paper and paperboard. Fortunately, combating the harmful effects of low humidity need not be complicated or expensive. Wandering around hoping to find treasuresor in this case, problemsisnt a strategy when so much money is on the line. From travel distance to changes in road conditions and elevation, transportation can have wide-ranging effects on the level of product damage. Box users make major investments in the development, production and promotion of their products. Touch points can become flash points for product damage. Sources: Aluminum Association data are used for generation of aluminum packaging and recycling of aluminum cans. The net import of unfilled aluminum cans is estimated from data collected by the Department of Commerce. All-in-one pharma carton printer streamlines production process, Improve line with portable high-speed cameras, Pepsi, Fanta Consider Digital Space in Spate of Soda Facelifts. Both cases can lead to failure. Mechanical measuring device: Bobst,BW PapersystemsandTechnology Coaching The converting machines play a major role in obtaining the required quality level of the finished products. If your boxes are crushing while stacked in your facility, or if you are planning to send product to areas where high humidity is prevalent, please contact us and allow FlexPAC to help you find the right solutions to your problems. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018was 4.2million tons. Review only, FAQ is current: Periodic review completed, no changes to content. Entire unit loads rejected at distribution centers can cost well over a thousand dollars each and create significant delays. However, once the corrugated is manufactured, moisture regulation is critical, so the corrugated board is dried to achieve a moisture content of 10-12% to optimize it for strength and prevent box manufacturing issues, such as: Maintaining the moisture content of the corrugated box plays a critical role in its performance. And just where do you start? Ideally, there should be no gaps between cases that are stacked on top of each other. Typical analog range is 0-10% moisture and up to as much as 40%, subject to . The purpose is to ensure that from the purchase of raw material through the delivery of the finished product to the customers' premises, all parameters of quality, hygiene and traceability are monitored. EPA estimated the generation of aluminum packaging at 1.9 million tons in 2018, or 0.7 percent of MSW generation. To put it another way, dont treat damage research like an Easter egg hunt. Other paper packaging, such as cartons and sacks, is mostly recycled as mixed papers. 19-0 . But theres a way to maximize its space. In addition to accreditation, certification, and verification, we provide tools and resources for health care professionals that can help make a difference in the delivery of care. Remember, without the lowly corrugated box, the product cannot be shipped! Obtain useful information in regards to patient safety, suicide prevention, infection control and many more. Moisture not only affects corrugated functionally, it also diminishes the appearance of the container. % Consequently, if a few boxes are unusable, the loss involved is relatively insignificant, right? In our latest case study, learn about NION Health's revolutionary "negative ion" supplement and how their luxurious NION Health has the distinction and the challenge of being the first of its kind on the market as producers of the first safely Upgrade your product's packaging game with GLBC's custom solutions. Stay up to date with all the latest Joint Commission news, blog posts, webinars, and communications. Copyright 2022 FlexPAC Web Design by Roundpeg, To get all the tips on corrugated boxes, read our blog on, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities . Nondurable goods include products such as office papers, newspapers, tissue paper, and paper plates and cups. 2 0 obj Water is used in the corrugated board production and aids in creating the liner board, forming the flute structure, and as part of the starch adhesive that combines them. The logical question one would ask, then, Is all the packaging thats being used necessary? In many cases, the answer is no. What about column or interlocking stacking? Improper and fluctuations in relative humidity can be seen in: These can result in the box structure breaking down, leading to a reduction in strength and, eventually, failure. In 2018, paper and paperboard (cardboard) materials comprised the largest component of municipal solid waste (MSW). Seas the day with our quick guide to corrugated seafood shippers! Get a Free Quote. Get a deep dive into our standards, chapter-by-chapter, individually or as a team. AutomationDirects Contrinex small rectangular inductive proximity sensors are available in sizes12mm x 27mm x 6.5mm and 12mm x 27mm x 12mm. 4 0 obj Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Get more information about cookies and how you can refuse them by clicking on the learn more button below. This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. So, although eliminating damages completely from supply chains is unrealistic, companies can approach the issue pragmatically and establish a system to measure and monitor the process so improvements can be made more efficiently. The material and strength of packaging, and even the design, can factor into damage. A matter of protection: The environment or the product? A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. On the surface this number might seem small, but the ramifications can be quite large. Knowing this, corrugated board manufacturers add small amounts of resins to the adhesive to give it moisture resistance. Furthermore, such a transparent standard, adapted to the material, also respects all its specific qualities (versatility, lightness, strength, recyclability). When it is impossible to avoid extremes or fluctuations, bring the boxes to the packing line or another area for a period of time to condition them to a more normal atmosphere before using them. Because products must be brought securely to market, some form of packaging will always be needed. In this free ebook, learn how to leverage the strengths of each generation in your packaging department. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Yet other factors outside the transportation and handling of these products contribute to damages. But is there an optimal balance between overpackaging and underpackaging? Corrugated is an engineered material, specified by paper grade, flute, style, manufacturers joint, and adhesivemainly. CORRUGATED BOXES CS19.0.5 Issued: 2017AUG10 CORPORATE STANDARD File No. EPA measures the generation, recycling, composting, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling of paper and paperboard products. Is this practical? Before putting together a plan, lets examine how product damage occurs and some questions to ponder. At 85% RH, a box has 50% of its potential stacking strength. The recycling rate for corrugated boxes was 96.5 percent. Find out about the current National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) for specific programs. Because corrugated is hygroscopic, the relative humidity of the storage area should be maintained within favorable tolerances. Wood packaging includes mostly wood pallets, as well as wood crates. Additionally, the combustion of containers and packaging was 7.4 million tons (21.5 percent of total combustion with energy recovery) and landfills received 30.5 million tons (20.9 percent of total landfilling) in 2018. endobj Introduction These latter quantities are not well documented, but the Agency estimated that amount of generation was 340,000 tons in 2018, none of which moved on to recycling or composting. In general it is observed in paper, corrugated sheet board and boxes that have optimum combined properties are obtained at moisture content level at 7-8% and hence moisture content of 7-8% may be the ideal value for corrugated sheet paper used in corrugated packaging industry. EPA used statistics from the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) to estimate post-consumer paper and paperboard generation in 2018. The total amount of paper and paperboard combusted in 2018 was 4.2 million tons. Corrugated boxes also represent the largest single product of recycled paper and paperboard containers and packaging. The result is known as moisture resistant adhesive (MRA). Extreme cold also affects moisture content, making the boxes more fragile. Manual operations are slowed and automated case erectors are jammed. Also, corrugated boxes are constructed from paper, which is affected by ambient moisture in the atmosphere. Fax: 317-872-7872. Glass containers include beer and soft drink bottles, wine and liquor bottles, as well as bottles and jars for food and juices, cosmetics, and other products. When a corrugated board is produced, the liners and fluted mediums are held together with a starch adhesive, typically food grade corn starch. 1. We have the experience to ask the right questions to ensure the boxes we provide you will meet your products needs and will remain structurally sound. FEFCO members can download the document here OR please contact FEFCO at Houriet.lefebvre@fefco.org Learn about the "gold standard" in quality. The FEFCO GMP standard was launched at the end of 2003, renewed in 2006, to ensure that corrugated boxes meet all the requirements of quality, safety and hygiene. The updated document is now available here. Our team has worked with countless companies whose boxes have faced just about every environmental condition imaginable. Corrugated should be stored on pallets, ideally, which avoids direct contact with the floor and retains the means for mechanical handling (caution: forklifts, if operated carelessly, can damage corrugated). In its most basic formula, corn starch adhesive has very little moisture resistance, which would cause the composite layers of corrugated board to separate in high humidity conditions. Before putting together a plan to reduce package damage during distribution and transportation through the supply chain, you need to examine how damage occurs and ponder these questions. Store boxes indoors and protect them from overhead moisture. Please be aware that cardboard boxes and or cardboard shelving units should not be allowed or found in areas such as: OR storerooms Central Supply Clinical areas Also, do not use cardboard boxes to store items in a dirty utility room. We know, boxes are not rocket science. Molded fiber A complete line of innovative fiber-based solutions that protect your products. Containers and packaging products in MSW are made of several materials: paper and paperboard, glass, steel, aluminum, plastics, wood, and small amounts of other materials. FEFCO Corrugated Packaging Recyclability Guidelines - design for circularity. boxes with higher basis weight, using wet strength resin additives or adhesives or application of surface barrier coatings. Some easy-to-overlook culprits are storage and handling practices. They can pull the pallet and put it in a re-coup area and submit a claim to the manufacturer. for specifying conveyor and container handling equipment, and top tips for a successful pack | In honour of #EarthDay, our amazing team shared 'One Thing I Do For Earth Day'. Yellow Skin Around Eyes Only, Nebraska Federal Indictment List 2021, Unit 7: Global Conflict, Shamisen Instrument Classification, Articles A

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January 28th 2022. As I write this impassioned letter to you, Naomi, I would like to sympathize with you about your mental health issues that