(Nov 2006), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Estonias foreign minister, Margus Tsahkna, said he was seeking to find out why China has such a position or comments about the Baltic states. Colonial aggression also contributed to the rise of Italian racism. Yet this discouraging near-term political picture becomes less ominous, or at least less clear-cut, if one looks down the road. It was a cataclysm that darkened the worlds view of humanity and its future. By the early twentieth century, events in one place could have widespread political, economic, and cultural consequences. competitive authoritarian regimes "contest seriously for power" (2010a, 5). Emergence of a German Authoritarian State - Matteo Aprile IB History One month later, when arson gutted the German parliament building, Hitler and his nationalist coalition partners seized their chance. (May 07), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Authoritarian Challenges to the Liberal Order - Institute for Global Change HItler a Career" by Joachim Fest - the preview: Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Analyse themethods used to eliminate opposition by two single-party rulers, each chosen from a different region. Authoritarian States - LARSON'S IB HISTORY irreconcilable disparities that were rooted in the different political conditions and traditions of each country. How the state emerged and how power was established - economic, social and political factors; use of propaganda, force,. Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels planned to win over those who were still unconvinced. . Moreover, most authoritarianswhatever the quality of their pandemic policiesface enormous new economic pressures as a result of the virus. Angry at the growing resistance, Japanese troops killed as many as 300,000 civilians. In what ways did Mussolini pursue an aggressive foreign policy? In Weimar Germany they thrived' - Condon But this challenge is especially difficult for governments that do not enjoy the legitimacy that comes from winning free and fair elections and that instead rely heavily on economic performance as their primary source of popular legitimacy. The Nazi Rise to Power | Holocaust Encyclopedia New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. It started with a string of violent clashes in the northern part of Italy beginning in 1920. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. A totalitarian regime has a highly centralized system of government that requires strict obedience. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union dont have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement confirming their status as sovereign nations, he said. Infighting among elites also has emerged: when the mayor of Moscow took initiative in response to the virus and ordered people to stay home, users on Telegraman app that permits citizens to share information and anonymously criticize each otherlambasted him. Historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller argue that the Italian colonies provided "testing grounds for strategies of governance and repression". By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. For example, all of them embraced nationalism, and they all found ways to justify violence against civilians. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; The new governments first targets were political opponents. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. Washington, DC 20024-2126 As the coronavirus has spread, many political observers have warned that it is bolstering authoritarianism globally. Although Chinese citizens mobilized to respond to the pandemic by using social media to procure scarce protective gear or find open hospital beds, the Chinese Communist Partys long-standing distrust of civil society has hindered potential collaboration between government officials and volunteers. Asked about his position on whether Crimea was part of Ukraine or not, Lu said in a French TV interview on Friday that historically it was part of Russia and had been offered to Ukraine by the former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. (Nov 2009), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. Photo of young Italian boys wearing Ballilla uniforms. IB History HL & SL Authoritarian States (Hitler) notes Paris, 1900. They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. Four key weaknesses are manifest. How did Japanese leaders justify Japans imperial expansion? How successful was Castro's domestic policy in meeting his aims for Cuba? So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. Slowed or negative growth, straitened budgets, devastated middle classes, and swelling ranks of poverty-stricken citizens will create political pressure on governments around the worldauthoritarian and democratic alike. -took over various unprofitable industries on behalf of the state, -youth groups feuded And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. - DEPENDANT GERMANY Italy became increasingly more dependant on Nazi Germany --> Germany supported when League of Nations tried to oppose their aggression Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. Today, authoritarian regimes comprise only one-fifth of all states in the world (Marshall & Cole 2011, p. 10). Create a potted biography of an authoritarian state identified in the article. However, their solution was "Italianization." The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly Effective national public health responses to the pandemic require not just clear, consistent mandates from the top, but integrated approaches in which regional and local authorities can take initiative, adapt responses to local conditions, and report critical information up the line. The modern Italian soldier on the stamp is dressed like a Roman legionnaire. Emergence of authoritarian states. There were no bureaucrats to rein in the Fascists. 100. Mao - Vocab - Google Docs To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Advances in the technology of killing included the use of poison gas. All rights reserved. 3. In this way, the imperialist thinking drove Italian policy in more radical directions. We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. This had important consequences, because colonial policy in Ethiopia provided the basis for Italy's antisemitic race laws in 1938. Before the onset of the Great Depression in Germany in 1929-1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party for short) was a small party on the radical right of the German political spectrum. Check your email for details on your request. They had to be conquered or excluded from the Italian nation. Neysun Mahboubi, a research scholar at the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania, said on Twitter that Lus comments were totally stupid and that the level of incompetence is just staggering. In fact, the German military had quietly sought an end to the war it could no longer win in 1918. For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Authoritarian States The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. In 1949-58, 75% of all imports came from the USA; 65% of all exports went to the USA. Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies and the Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. But they are a minority in the authoritarian camp, and regimes with relatively successful pandemic responses are not guaranteed to reap political benefits from their actions. of three authoritarian states should be studied. . So while Jewish people had little to do with Ethiopia, they were affected by that policy. Explore Museum suggestions for where to begin teaching about the Holocaust. During this time, about one-third of the Communist Party's three million members were killed. 96 - How did Castro see social policy? 1. 'Domestic policy rarely managed to achieve its aims', Discuss how far you agree with this statement with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied, both from different regions. Analyse themethods used to maintain power in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region. Behind the popular but simplistic notion that authoritarianism is rising globally lies the fact that the global wave of antigovernment protests over the past ten yearsan historic high in protests around the worldhas hit many nondemocratic regimes hard. economic factors'. Check the notes preview and download a free sample. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. Direct link to 121931's post How was authoritarianism , Posted 2 years ago. Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. Hitler: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged - Quizlet The EU is an important trading partner for China as it reboots its economy after three years of zero-Covid. Introduction to IB History Paper 2 - IB Wisdom Under the emergency decree, they could be terrorized, beaten and held indefinitely. However, he was not a, A poor harvest in 1931-32 was made worse by Soviet economic policies. Graded student examples with one case study. She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. How long, and how many casualties did it take for the Fascists to defeat the Socialists? In the early 1930s, the frequency of elections was dizzying. Examine the role of education and propaganda in the maintenance of power in Maos China. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the Beijing on Monday sought to defuse the row. (May 06), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power of one ruler of a single-party state. Japan still had a problem of too few natural resources, and they needed minerals, timber, and oil from abroad. In the Reichstag (parliament) elections of May 2, 1928, the Nazis received only 2.6 percent of the national vote, a proportionate decline from 1924, when the Nazis received 3 percent . The Chinese embassy in Paris issued a formal statement saying Lus comments were not a policy declaration but the expression of personal viewpoints during a television interview. - Explain the repeated waves of escape and the establishment of Little Havana in Florida, 98-9 - Outline the use of coercion by Castro as a form of social control. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . By censuring Li instead of acting on his alerts, local authorities may have facilitated the coronaviruss unchecked spread; consequently, Lis death from the virus in early February sparked an outpouring of anger and grief on Chinese social media. David Wong was a James C. Gaither Junior Fellow with the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. German authorities sent thousands, including leftist members of Parliament, to newly established concentration camps. 90-92 - How did Castro deal with the continuing US attempts to oust him? The author argues that Italian Fascism never gained the level of totalitarian control the Nazis had in Germany. Only outside of Italy, in the arena of empire, were the Fascists really able to experiment with totalitarianism. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. Another million were sent to prisons called Gulags. Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933 To many, including 30-year old former army corporal Adolf Hitler, it seemed the country had been stabbed in the backbetrayed by subversives at home and by the government who accepted the armistice. - abortion and divorce were illegal, -Racism appeared a bit in Romanita movement: 'prestigious race' needed to create and maintain empire Past IBDP History Paper 2 Questions and Responses - Traces of Evil Despite Nazi terror and brutal suppression of their opponents, many German citizens willingly accepted or actively supported these extreme measures in favor of order and security. TEXT ON SCREEN: Thus unlike minorities in Italy, Ethiopians were viewed by most Fascists as barbaric "others" who could never become Italian. He used authoritarian tactics to solidify communist control of the Soviet Union. (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the rise to power of either Hitler or Lenin. When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. Some burned it for fuel. Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. Lack of leadership. Advanced, deadly weapons, including the use of gas by the Italian Army, made the fight pretty one-sided. -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932. In Turkey, last months lifting of many restrictions saw a spike in cases, but Erdoan refrained from reimposing another lockdown, fearful of the economic damage it would cause. These decisions affected political officials, army members, peasants, ethnic minorities, artists, scientists, intellectuals, foreigners, and ordinary Soviet citizens. The kulaks are just one example. All rights reserved. DOCX DR. SIELINSKI - IB HISTORY - Home A second weakness of many authoritarian regimes in confronting the coronavirus is their suspicion or outright hostility toward independent voices and civil society. 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